OBJECTIVE Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The purpose of this investigation was to assess total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) levels at diagnosis of early-onset severe preeclampsia (EOSPE). STUDY DESIGN Following IRB approval, subjects with EOSPE (< 34 weeks gestation with severe preeclampsia) were enrolled in this case-control investigation in a 1:2 ratio with gestation matched, contemporaneous controls. Demographic and outcome information was collected for each subject. Plasma total 25-OH-D levels were determined by radioimmunoassay and reported in ng/mL. Results were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U and multivariable regression. RESULTS Subjects with EOSPE (n=50) were noted to have decreased total 25-OH-D levels relative to healthy controls (n=100; p<0.001). This difference in total 25-OH-D remained significant after controlling for potential confounders. CONCLUSION Total 25-OH-D is decreased at diagnosis of EOSPE. Further study is needed to understand the impact of vitamin D deficiency on pregnancy outcomes.

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After completion of this article, the reader should be able to describe the evolution of circumcision, to list the potential benefits of circumcision, to outline the various neonatal circumcision techniques, and to summarize the data on the use of analgesia for circumcision.

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