Bex1 and Calmodulin (CaM) are upregulated during skeletal muscle regeneration. We confirm this finding and demonstrate the novel finding that they interact in a calcium-dependent manner. To study the role of Bex1 and its interaction with CaM in skeletal muscle regeneration, we generated Bex1 knock out (Bex1-KO) mice. These mice appeared to develop normally and are fertile, but displayed a functional deficit in exercise performance compared to wild type (WT) mice. After intramuscular injection of cardiotoxin, which causes extensive and reproducible myotrauma followed by recovery, regenerating muscles of Bex1-KO mice exhibited elevated and prolonged cell proliferation, as well as delayed cell differentiation, compared to WT mice. Thus, our results provide the first evidence that Bex1-KO mice show altered muscle regeneration, and allow us to propose that the interaction of Bex1 with Ca2+/CaM may be involved in skeletal muscle regeneration.

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Oxazole derivatives R 0220Convenient Preparation of Substituted 5-Aminooxazoles via a Microwave-Assisted Cornforth Rearrangement. -Several 5-aminooxazoles are prepared by a high-speed microwave-assisted procedure in two steps via amide formation and subsequent rearrangement. The method is employed to prepare compound (XI) which is an precursor for an pseudomonic acid derived antibiotic. -(NOLT*, M. B.; SMILEY, M. A.; VARGA, S. L.; MCCLAIN, R. T.; WOLKENBERG, S. E.; LINDSLEY, C. W.;