No abstract

This article examines the issue of how organizations value human capital—are they treated as the intellectual resource within the asset side of the ledger, or are they an expense that drains the company of cash and risks their competitive advantage? The article will focus on the idea that the value of the human capital assets should be measure and considered part of the organizations market value. The exploration of knowledge‐based economies has strengthened the argument for setting value to those producing creative and innovative processes within the organization. Central to this article is the belief that human capital is an accountable asset that must be valued on corporate financial statements as Infosys has adopted since 2008. While some would argue that financial value cannot be attached to labor, this argument does not seem to be supported in the knowledge‐based economy. If an organization's most valuable asset is its people, then the argument must be broached that accounting standards (such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board [FASB] and generally accepted accounting principles [GAAP]) should keep current with the 21st century. If a true comparison of organizations takes place, can that comparison ignore its human capital? © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

No abstract

No abstract

The 2008 financial crisis raised concerns over the probability of rise in death, illness and disability in European OECD countries, with increased 'Unmet needs for medical examination ' from 3.1 to 3.4 percent between 2008-2012. As the concave relationship between income and health gradually flattens out with lowered effectiveness for an additional dollar of income, improving health on a decreasing scale, finding measures to address increasing unmet health needs is pivotal. This study aims to investigate whether the General Practitioners (GPs), as healthcare service providers, can mitigate the impacts of economic crisis on health outcomes. MethOdS: The data for 20 high-income European OECD countries (2006 -2013), extracted from Eurostat, were analyzed using panel data analysis, and the variables for different cross-sections over a time span were observed using random effects and fixed effects model(s). F-test, calculated using R2 values adjusted for number of covariates in different models, was used to test the nested models and results were analyzed using Stata-v11. ReSultS: The long-term unemployment, resulting from crisis, is significantly associated, strongly and positively, with 'Unmet needs for medical examination' for all levels of income (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01). The supply of an additional GP per 1,000 population reduces the unmet health needs, but gradually decreasing, from 0.27, 0.22, 0.15 percent across the 1st, 2nd and 3rd income quintiles to 0.18, 0.12 and 0.12 percent, respectively. But this doesn't hold true for the 4th income quintile. cOncluSiOnS: During economic crises, the supply of GPs can mitigate the adverse effects of long-term unemployment, but for the lower income people only. However, such mitigating effects diminished with increasing income, and had no significance for the highest income population. The presence of GPs significantly contributes in controlling the access to tertiary care, by addressing the health issues at primary level.