Against Clostridium perfringens, a common cause of food poisoning, antimicrobial activity and methyglyoxal (MGO) contents of six multifloral organic honeys were investigated, five from Finland and one from Argentinian and Hungarian origin. For the antimicrobial assessment, a disc diffusion method was used with zone of inhibition expressed as a diameter. Four honeys had inhibitory activity (diameter >8 mm) compared to control (diameter of 6.1 mm±1.5) at the concentration of 50 % (w/v). The highest activity was induced by North Carelien multifloral honey F with willow herb as the main floral source (diameter of 14.3 mm ±0.6), followed by other North Carelien multifloral honey E (diameter of 11.0 mm±2) with clover as the main floral source. For honey F, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 20 % (w/v). MGO was quantified by HPLC and varied from 22 to 27 mg/kg. MGO had no correlation to the detected activity. This is a novel finding on the antibacterial activity of native organic honeys and against C. perfringens.
Extracts of five organic and one conventional honey sources, available in Finnish markets, were tested for antimicrobial activity and inhibitory concentrations against Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, obtained from human specimens. Five (honeys A, B, D, E, F) of the six studied honeys were organic. All the studied honeys had inhibitory activity (zone of inhibition (ZI) > 9.4 ± 0.5 mm) compared to control artificial honey (ZI < 8 mm) against all the studied pathogens. Four organic honeys (B, D, E, F) showed inhibitory activity with ZI > 13.3 mm against all the studied bacteria with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 12.5–50%. Against E. coli, the organic honeys E and F had activity index (AI) of 0.64 and 0.73, respectively, compared to the antibiotic AI of 1.0. Against S. Typhi, the organic honeys D and F had AI of 0.59 and 0.64, respectively. Against P. aeruginosa, the organic honeys D, E, and F had the highest AI of 0.71–0.80, and against S. epidermidis the honeys B, D, E, and F possessed relatively high AI of 0.60, 0.67, 0.73, and 0.78, respectively. Against K. pneumoniae and B. cereus, the detected AI of the organic honeys B, D, E, and F varied between AI of 0.48 and 0.58. The organic honey A and conventionally produced honey C possessed only minor activity with MIC values of 80%. Here, we show that commercially available culinary organic honeys possess remarkable antimicrobial activity against several important human bacterial pathogens.
TuoPro-Tuorekasvisten turvallisuuden parantaminen-hankkeessa on Helsingin yliopiston Ruralia-instituutissa ja Mikkelin ammattikorkeakoulussa vuosina 2012 - 2013 tarkasteltu kasteluvesien laatua osana tuorekasvisten tuoteturvallisuutta. Hanketta rahoittaa Hämeen ELY-keskus Euroopan maaseudun kehittämisen maatalousrahastosta. Alkutuotantoasetus eli Maa- ja metsätalousministeriön asetus 1368/2011 elintarvikkeiden alkutuotannon elintarvikehygieniasta velvoittaa niitä viljelijöitä, joilla kasteluvesi päätyy suoraan kasvin syötävien osien pinnoille, tutkituttamaan kasteluveden laadun laboratoriossa vähintään kolmen vuoden välein. Tämä tutkimusvelvoite koskee myös niitä toimijoita, jotka käyttävät vettä tuotteiden pesuun ja jäähdytykseen. Hankkeessa on arvioitu kasteluvesilähteiden riskejä ja tähän mennessä analysoitu noin 80 vesinäytettä. Vesilähteitä ovat olleet muun muassa luonnon vesilähteet ja niistä kaivetut kasteluojastot, kaivot ja vesilaitoksen jakama vesi. Näytteistä on Mikkelin ammattikorkeakoulun ympäristölaboratoriossa määritetty koliformiset bakteerit, E.coli ja suolistoperäiset enterokokit. Suurin osa tutkituista näytteistä on täyttänyt alkutuotantoasetuksen mukaiset vaatimukset. Kasteluveden laatu on merkittävässä osassa ajatellen kasvisten mikrobiologista tuoteturvallisuutta ja edelleen toiminnan kannattavuutta.
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