Purpose:To report the incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among preterm infants referred to Amiralmomenin Eye Hospital, Rasht, Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional retrospective study included all preterm infants with birth weight ≤2500 g and/or gestational age ≤36 weeks who had been referred to our facility for ROP screening over a five year period from September 2005 to September 2010. Possible risk factors and findings related to eye examinations were extracted and analyzed.Results:Among 310 infants, ROP was diagnosed in 64 (20.6%) of referred preterm infants (95% CI: 17.7%-23.5%); these included stage I in 48%, stage 2 in 29%, and stage 3 or higher disease in 23% of subjects. Mean gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) in the ROP–affected infants was 30.18 ± 2.28 weeks and 1,422.8 ± 420.8 g, respectively. Low BW, low GA, oxygen therapy, phototherapy, blood transfusion and apnea were risk factors for ROP. After logistic regression analysis, only low GA and low BW were independently associated with the condition.Conclusion:ROP is a relatively common finding in preterm infants of Guilan Province in the North of Iran. Low BW and low GA were significant risk factors for the disease.

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Abstract- We aimed to define Metabolic Syndrome (METs) from different viewpoints to determine the most appropriate method that could be used for early METs' diagnosis in general population and treat them immediately. This study was an analytic cross-sectional study which was conducted on 725, twelve year-old-girls and boys from Rasht city in Iran. METs was defined based on 7 different methods. Data were reported by descriptive statistics (number, percent, mean, and standard deviation) and analyzed by Cohen's kappa coefficient correlation and chi-square in SPSS version 19. The highest and lowest percentages of METs were obtained by DE Ferranti (17.5%) and viner et al., (0.8%) methods, respectively. Results showed that viner et al., had the highest degree of agreement with NCEP ATPIII and the lowest with DE Ferranti. Furthermore, De Ferranti showed the highest degree of agreement with NHANESIII and the lowest with Viner et al., According to results, the identification of the cut off points of obesity could help to promote public health care.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can cause diastolic dysfunction and asymmetric ventricular septal hypertrophy in infants of gestational diabetic mothers (IGDMs). Ventricular thickness can affect QT interval and other QT parameters. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the duration of QT, corrected QT (QTc), QT dispersion (QTD), and echocardiographic indices in two groups of neonates of mothers with and without GDM. Methods: In this case-control study, 76 term neonates were enrolled. The case group (n = 38) included IGDM, and the control group (n = 38) included neonates born to healthy mothers. The QT, QTD, and QTc were calculated based on electrocardiographic results. Ejection fraction (EF), interventricular septal thickness at the end of diastole (IVSTD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) were evaluated by performing echocardiography, and the two groups were compared regarding them. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: In this study, neonates' mean age and weight were 4.18 ± 1.3 days and 3418.16 ± 549.24 grams, respectively. As for the gender of neonates, 68.4% in the case group and 47.4% in the control group were female. The two groups had no significant difference regarding age, weight, and sex (P > 0.05). Minimum QTc (QTc min) was significantly higher in the case group (P = 0.046). Considerably lower EF and higher IVSTD were found in the case group (P = 0.011 and P = 0.05 respectively). In univariate analysis, echocardiographic parameters were not the predictors of QTD (P > 0.05); in multivariate analysis, however, QTD was significantly correlated with LVEDD (P = 0.001) and LVESD (P = 0.015). Conclusions: A higher proportion of septal hypertrophy was detected in IGDMs compared to infants of the healthy mothers without any correlation with ECG indices. This involvement was accompanied by relatively decreased EF verified by echocardiography. Most ECG findings, including QTD values, had no linear relationship with echocardiographic parameters except for LVEDD and LVESD.

Context: Hyperbilirubinemia is a common cause for diagnostic work-up and therapeutic intervention in neonates and needs a convenient, quick, and safe treatment modality. Phototherapy is the most common treatment for neonatal jaundice; however, complementary treatment is still needed. Despite the identification of the enzymatic pathways of bilirubin catabolism, few pharmacological interventions have been found to be effective in reducing bilirubin, along with traditional phototherapy. This review was conducted to evaluate recent pharmacotherapies as adjuvants to phototherapy for the treatment of neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia (IHB). Evidence Acquisition: This study was carried out through a literature search with the keywords of Infant, Newborn, and Indirect Hyperbilirubinemia, combined with Drug Therapy, in PubMed, Scopus, International Statistical Institute, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase databases. This study included relevant articles (i.e., randomized controlled trials, observational studies, guidelines, and reviews) written in English and published between 2012 - 2022. Results: This narrative review first assessed the relevant articles to define IHB and its etiology. Then, the efficacy and side effects of recent pharmacologic agents as adjuvants to phototherapy were discussed. Additionally, this study reviewed the efficacy and safety of drugs prescribed to neonates to prevent jaundice. Conclusions: The best drug for adjuvant pharmacotherapy, in addition to phototherapy, for neonatal jaundice has not still been identified. The use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in adjuvant to phototherapy has been recently increasing, and beneficial results were observed in most studies. The use of agar, charcoal, fibrate, and phenobarbital had a minor therapeutic role in recent years. There were conflicting results about the efficacy of herbal agents in neonatal jaundice. The use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), metalloporphyrin, and albumin is also limited to severe or immune-related IHB cases. The prescription of the aforementioned drugs sometimes had different results. Therefore, further research in this regard is necessary.