Background: The aim of the study was to examine the construct validity of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire -R18 (TFEQ-R18), a measure of eating behaviour, and to evaluate cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating in a sample of adolescent and young adult females of different weights.

Enteroviruses (EVs) have been connected to type 1 diabetes in various studies. The current study evaluates the association between specific EV subtypes and type 1 diabetes by measuring typespecific antibodies against the group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs), which have been linked to diabetes in previous surveys. Altogether, 249 children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and 249 control children matched according to sampling time, sex, age, and country were recruited in Finland, Sweden, England, France, and Greece between 2001 and 2005 (mean age 9 years; 55% male). Antibodies against CVB1 were more frequent among diabetic children than among control children (odds ratio 1.7 [95% CI 1.0-2.9]), whereas other CVB types did not differ between the groups. CVB1-associated risk was not related to HLA genotype, age, or sex. Finnish children had a lower frequency of CVB antibodies than children in other countries. The results support previous studies that suggested an association between CVBs and type 1 diabetes, highlighting the possible role of CVB1 as a diabetogenic virus type. A connection between enterovirus (EV) infections and human type 1 diabetes has been documented in a variety of studies (1-3). Meta-analyses of studies on direct detection of EVs in blood or tissues have indicated a clear risk effect (odds ratios [ORs] 5.5-17.4) (4), whereas serological studies have shown inconsistent results (5). Accordingly, invasive infection, as reflected by the presence of EV in blood or tissues, rather than superficial

In conclusion, type 1 diabetes is associated with reduced BMC and appears to affect bone cross-sectional size and cortical rigidity. The diabetes-related skeletal deficits seemed to concern male adolescents more than females. Whether diabetes-related deficits would contribute to an increased risk of fractures in adulthood or later in life remains to be confirmed.

Background: Chronic renal failure is commonly associated with disturbances in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function. Methods: The gonadotrophins, prolactin and estradiol or testosterone levels were measured immediately before renal transplantation, at discharge from the transplantation unit (19 ± 8 days after Tx) and 6 months after transplantation in 21 patients, 7 females and 14 males, age range 21–60 years. Results: The mean prolactin level was high during uremia and decreased rapidly after transplantation, from 441 to 167 mU/l in males and from 1,057 to 521 mU/l in females. Hypergonadotrophism was seen in most uremic patients, with the mean LH and FSH levels of 14.2 and 6.0 U/l in males and 14.7 and 4.0 U/l in females, respectively. A temporary change to hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism took place 2–3 weeks after transplantation and was followed by normalization of the hypothalamic-gonadal function. The levels of circulating sex steroids were suppressed when the patients were discharged from the transplantation unit but returned to the normal range at 6 months. Conclusions: We conclude that renal transplantation corrects the hyperprolactinemia induced by uremia and is followed by rapid onset of restoration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.