The thoracic cavity is the rarest location of all the renal ectopic sites. We report a rare case of an acquired thoracic kidney associated with a previous congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a child with nephrotic syndrome. Although only 13 cases of the thoracic kidney in the pediatric age group have been described in worldwide reports during the past 25 years, we present the first to be associated with a recurrent diaphragmatic hernia. The classification, differential diagnosis, and management options of this rare form of ectopia are discussed.
Surgical control has prognostic value in neuroblastoma (NB). Advanced NB is common at diagnosis in South Africa. We investigated the pre-surgery factors that influenced decisions to perform surgical resections. We included 204 patients with high-risk NB from a national retrospective study, who completed induction chemotherapy between 2000 and 2016.The median age was 32.4 months (IQR 15.1 − 53.5 months). Primary tumor resection was achieved in 76.9% of patients between 0-18 months of age, 51.8% between 18-60 months and 51.7% older than 60 months (p < 0.001). Only 43.2% of patients with distant metastatic disease had surgery done (p < 0.001). LDH was >750 U/L in 46.8% and ferritin >120 g/ CONTACT Jaques van Heerden
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