Creating reliable, reusable and efficient tests is a long and time-consuming process. One of the most important stages is creating a question bank. An approach to automatized generation of test items of different types is presented in this paper. It is based on the accumulative method that uses stored and assessed test items in the process of doing the test. An important role is played by the so-called accumulative question type (AQT), which, along with its attributes is described as a base of design, specifications and realization of a software test module implemented in Moodle. The presented module provides possibilities to enrich question banks with test items of different types and use the learning and assessing process in automatized test generation. INTRODUCTIONCreating standardized, efficient and reusable e-tests is a difficult and time-consuming process [1]. The basic challenge is to develop a question bank that consists of a great variety of test items of different types. Automatized test item generation is an appropriate approach to overcome this difficulty. There are traditional methods based on computer linguistic algorithms [7], Item Response Theory [8], semantic web technologies [2, 4], etc.Another technique is based on previous students' experience -accumulative assessment [11,12]. This method can be used for assessment of higher levels of knowledge, as a mechanism for dynamic calibration of question banks, generation of items from other types and adaptive testing [11,5,6,3]. This approach utilizes the so-called accumulative question type (AQT) -test item of the 'essay' type in the process of testing in order to use stored and assessed answers to a question to automate the generation of new test items of different types.The most important stages during the process of implementation of this method are:To design the AQT model -determine and describe AQT attributes;To determine the place of the AQT within the variety of the set of traditional types of test items used during the learning process; To develop the AQT software module (including creating, editing, assessing, etc.) of AQT in an e-learning environment (eLE); To develop and implement means for generating test items of different types based on stored and assessed answers of the AQT and transforming test items of different types used in the standard question bank of the corresponding eLE; The categorization of the AQT according to traditional Ruter, Herbig and IMS QTI classifications of test items shows that the AQT can be used to generate all types of conventional question types [10]. This categorization renders an account of all the attributes of the AQT, such as: the number of the open positions (slots: 1, 2, more or equal to 3); format of the slots: text, file or image and possible question types that can be generated by the concrete AQT. Creating such a test item framework is an important step in the process of design, development and implementation of software module that uses the idea of automatized test creation.
Project-based approach was integrated into the Computer science programme at New Bulgarian University to enhance the learning process for first year students. A multidisciplinary project based on main concepts of Programming and Discrete mathematics was designed and developed. The concepts and relations between them were presented by concepts maps and the tasks were ordered according to revised Bloom's taxonomy. So it became possible to evaluate the cognitive learning levels of the students from simple remembering of information to analyzing and creating, to improve the self-learning skills, the ability to search for new information, working in teams and communication skills. The students had the opportunity to apply algorithms related to different data structures, memory and time optimisation that are used in the business and to integrate different programming technologies in a project.
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