Online teaching and learning have been in place for the last two decades. COVID-19 pandemic has intensely augmented institutions towards implementation of online teaching. Literature reported benefits of online learning including flexibility and self-direction. In addition, researchers reported that virtual learning pedagogy is encouraging, as it mainly inspires lifelong learning due to its self-paced and self-directed instruction. Flipped classroom is an active pedagogical instructional strategy that uses online resources external to the classroom, and then employs small group pedagogies within the classroom. Flipped classroom strategy allows use of lecture time for active learning activities. This active model restructures the traditional lecture paradigm, in that students acquire basic course content before coming to the classroom, while class time is dedicated for problem solving learning activities. Flipped classroom utilizes time in student interaction sometimes one to one, addressing to their concerns and queries regarding the content. This strategy gives opportunity to the teachers to share their relevant real-life experiences and design small group problem solving activities.
<em>The student attendance monitoring system at school is currently only carried out by the teacher in the form of a student attendance system that is carried out at the beginning of each lesson. And for parents students only get student attendance reports from the final school report. In this case, parental monitoring of student attendance at school on a daily basis cannot be obtained. So it is therefore necessary to have a student attendance detection system that can be monitored remotely. For this reason, the article aims to build a student attendance detection system using RFID that implements sending attendance information to students using SMS to parents of students. The system is built using RFID Tags, RC522 RFID Readers, Arduino Uno and GSM SIM900 modems. The results of the analysis and design of the system, the student attendance detection system has been able to detect the presence of students through RFID tags that are used as student attendance and send attendance information via SMS to parents of students.</em>
Objectives: To study the effects of melatonin in preventing neonatal neuronal apoptosis induced by maternal hypothyroidism. Methods: Twelve healthy female Wistar rats, 12-16 weeks, were divided equally into three groups. Group-A was labelled as control. Group-B was made hypothyroid by giving 15mg/kg of propylthiouracyl (PTU) daily whereas Group-C was given PTU along with melatonin (10mg of melatonin/kg/day) in drinking water. After one week of treatment, the female rats were allowed to mate and conceive. The treatment of all groups continued throughout the period of pregnancy and lactation. After delivery, a total of 30 pups, 10 from each group, were labelled and sacrificed on 22nd day of life. The serum levels of TSH, T3 and T4 of the pups were measured. The brains were extracted from the skull and homogenized for isolation of mitochondria to determine the levels of cytochrome c oxidase and for isolation of RNAs to measure the levels of gene expressions of caspases 3, 9 and 8. Results: Group-B pups showed a significant increase in serum levels of TSH (21 ± 3.7 mg/dl), and gene expression levels of caspase 3 (0.85±0.02) and 9 (0.69±0.02) where as in Group-C, there was visible reduction in concentration of TSH (15 ± 2.4 mg/dl), caspase 3 (0.50±0.02) and 9 (0.25±0.01) expressions. Increase in cytochrome c oxidase enzyme concentration (3.416 ± 0.001) in Group-B was the result of mitochondrial outer membrane rupture, causing decrease in the number of neurons by accelerating apoptosis. A decrease in its level in Group-C (2.100 ± 0.001) indicated inhibition of apoptosis. Conclusion: Intake of melatonin during pregnancy and lactation protected the brains of offspring from extensive apoptosis during maternal hypothyroidism. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5536 How to cite this:Hidayat M, Saleemi MA. Does melatonin protect fetal brain during maternal hypothyroidism? An experimental study. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5536 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Today, digital storytelling has emerged as a popular tool in educating the public on health matters as it integrates digital technology with public health. It is predominantly defined as a story in multimedia form, presented as a video or animation for public viewing and used as educational material for healthcare professionals, patients and families. Patient education is becoming increasingly important with the rise in chronic illnesses, and this technique of educating and engaging patients leaves a lasting impression on their minds. The inspirational aspect of digital storytelling is that it works equally well for all viewers, educated oruneducated, as it engages listeners on a whole new level, arousing their emotions and energy. To motivate people to reach certain goals, we must engage their emotions, and the key to their hearts is a compelling story. By applying digital technology, we can better engage and motivate our trainees and transform them into lifelong learners, as storytelling is a catalyst for inspiring not only empathy but also behavioral change, both in education and health care.
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