The collective monograph is devoted to discussing the history of creation, studying the properties, neutralizing and using organophosphorus neurotoxins, which include chemical warfare agents, agricultural crop protection chemical agents (herbicides and insecticides) and medicines. The monograph summarizes the results of current scientific research and new prospects for the development of this field of knowledge in the 21st century, including the use of modern physicochemical methods for experimental study and theoretical analysis of biocatalysis and its mechanisms based on molecular modeling with supercomputer power. The book is intended for specialists who are interested in the current state of research in the field of organophosphorus neurotoxins. The monograph will be useful for students, graduate students, researchers specializing in the field of physical chemistry, physicochemical biology, chemical enzymology, toxicology, biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics, biotechnology, nanotechnology and biomedicine.
A number of single microorganisms and microbial consortia, carrying out the destruction of organophosphorus compounds (OPC) by using their own enzymatic systems, were identified and investigated. They can use OPC as a source of nutrients such as carbon and/or phosphorus. The rate of OPC decomposition varies and depends mainly on environmental conditions (pH, temperature, availability of oxigen, etc.) and composition of native microbial community. The development of genetically modified organisms capable of degrading OPC, the immobilization of cells and the creation of artificial consortia are approaches that increase the efficiency of biodegradation of OPC.
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