Keywords: RESUMORosellinia pepo, uma nova doença do craveiro-da-índia no Brasil Palavras-chave:
Ceratocystis wilt, a new disease of the cupuassu tree, in Brazil. The cupuassu tree (Theobroma grandiflorum), native of the Amazon region, is cultivated mainly in the states of Para, Amazonas, Acre and Bahia, Brazil. In Bahia, it has been planted in the same municipalities were cacao is grown, especially, in the region known as Baixo Sul. During fitossanitary inspections carried out in one area at the Cacao Research Center (CEPEC), in Ilheus, BA, cultivated with cupuassu, trees showing symptoms of wilting, chlorosis and leaf drying, in addition to canker and necrosis of the stem, were observed. Ceratocystis fimbriata was the fungus, predominately, isolated in PDA medium in all the attempts using necrotic tissues obtained from the stem. Histopathological studies, done at the optical microscope, showed the presence of mycelia and chlamydospores of the fungus in the xylem vessels. Three-and 8-month-old cacao and cupuassu seedlings inoculated with the fungus started exhibiting the disease symptoms 20 and 40 days later, respectively. The fungus was re-isolated from inoculated plants in all the attempts. This is the first record of ceratocystis wilt disease in cupuassu tree.
The growing interest for sub-products from acai palm has increased, lately, throughout Brazil. Even with the increasing growth of planted area few diseases have been reported for this crop so far, as for example, anthracnose. In 2015, during phytosanitary inspections carried out in some farms of the municipalities of Ilheus and Camacan, Bahia State (Brazil), a disease that, apparently, had not been previously described in the crop was observed. A characteristic and not so usual symptomatology, ending up in high plant mortality, was frequently observed in the affected areas. Aiming to investigate the disease causal agent, samples collected from infected plants were brought to the Plant Pathology Laboratory at the Cacao Research Center, for pathogen isolation in PDA medium. For the identification of the isolated fungus, preparations of the morphological structures were examined under an optical microscope. The predominantly isolated fungus, in all the attempts, was Ceratocystis paradoxa (anamorph Thielaviopsis paradoxa). The pathogenicity tests carried out on 12-years-old acai plants, under field conditions, showed that both phases of the fungus were pathogenic to the inoculated plants, with no difference, in terms of symptomatology. The reproduction of the disease symptoms on inoculated plants and the re-isolation of the pathogen in PDA medium, have proved that Ceratocystis paradoxa (=T. paradoxa) is the causal agent of the disease observed on the acai palm plants. Key words:Euterpe oleracea, Thielaviopsis paradoxa, canker, stem rot.Sangramento do caule do açaizeiro, causado por Ceratocystis paradoxa, no sul da Bahia (Brasil). O interesse crescente por produtos originários do açaizeiro tem aumentado, consistentemente, em todo o Brasil. Mesmo com o aumento na área cultivada, em todo o país, poucas doenças foram registradas na cultura, até o momento, entre elas a antracnose. Em 2015, em inspeções fitossanitárias realizadas em algumas fazendas dos municípios de Ilhéus e Camacan, Estado da Bahia, foi observada uma doença que aparentemente ainda não havia sido descrita na cultura. Plantas afetadas mostravam uma sintomatologia muito característica e não tão usual, culminando com uma elevada taxa de mortalidade. Com o objetivo de averiguar as causas da doença, amostras de tecidos coletadas em plantas afetadas, foram trazidas para o Laboratório de Fitopatologia do Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPEC), visando o isolamento do patógeno em meio de BDA. Na identificação dos fungos isolados, preparações contendo estruturas morfológicas características foram examinadas ao microscópio ótico. Os fungos predominantemente obtidos em todos os isolamentos foram Thielaviopsis paradoxa e seu teleomorfo, Ceratocystis paradoxa. Testes de patogenicidade realizados em plantas de açaí de 12 anos de idade, em condições de campo, mostraram que o fungo foi patogênico às plantas, não sendo observadas quaisquer diferenças, em termos sintomatológicos, entre as formas anamórfica e teleomórfica. A reprodução dos sintomas nas plantas inoculadas e o...
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