Residential towers undeniably changed the reality that surrounds us. Vertical structures have influenced the landscape of cities by shaping new, previously unknown panoramas. Infinite peripheries were split and reassembled again in the vertical form. Is it possible to create a comfortable living space in a small area? Can residential towers fit into a fully fledged and well-functioning urban structure? Problematic aspects of this scenario are discussed on the basis of the most representative example in the world, which is Manhattan, located in New York City. Analysis of the urban structure of specific districts and examples of residential towers enables the presentation of the differences, advantages and disadvantages resulting from a specific given forms of architecture and urban planning.
Modern stadiums constitute a challenge to urban planning, architects and buildings. The exceptional character of these enormous structures is, on the one hand, highlighted by their unique massings and the innovative materials that they employ, while on the other, their composition within the space of the city and its skilful blending into its context causes them to become icons and landmarks. Three different examples demonstrate that the requirements presented above can be fulfilled. Modern forms have been fitted into the scale of cities of various size and adapted to their surroundings. Functional solutions were well-thought out and circulation and access have been placed so that events would not block traffic in the city each time they are held.
Historycznie najwyższymi budynkami Nowego Jorku były budynki biurowe. Ich wysokość to jedna z głównych cech zabudowy na Manhattanie, a wypełniona strzelistymi budynkami sylweta miasta jest rozpoznawalna na całym świecie. W XXI wieku tę sylwetę tworzą także wieżowce mieszkalne. Autor poddaje analizie sytuację i ewolucję budynków mieszkalnych na Manhattanie – budowanych często w miejscach dawnych budynków biurowych. Z badań autora wysuwa się wniosek o istnieniu dwóch kierunków w zabudowie mieszkaniowej XXI wieku w Nowym Jorku. Trend funkcjonalny - polegający na pogłębiającej się hybrydyzacji funkcji oraz trend wysokości – ściśle związany z rozwijającymi się możliwościami technologicznymi, a często pogarszający dostęp do naturalnego nasłonecznienia niższych kondygnacji oraz przewietrzania. Autor, poddając analizie wybrane przykłady budynków, rozważa w jakiej relacji wobec siebie pozostają oba wątki architektoniczne oraz jaki mają wpływ na obraz i kompozycję miasta. New trajectories of Residential Tower Development on selected examples in Manhattan, New York Historically, the tallest buildings to be built in New York were office towers. Their height is one of the defining characteristics of Manhattan’s development, and the city’s skyline, filled with towering buildings, is recognisable all over the world. In the twenty-first century, this skyline is also formed by residential towers. We analysed the situation and evolution of housing buildings on Manhattan, buildings that are often built in place of former office buildings. Based on our research, we have observed the existence of two trajectories in the design of twenty-first-century housing in New York. The first is the functional trend and it is based on an increasing hybridisation of function. The second is the trend of height, which is closely linked with developing technological potential, and which often adversely affects access to insolation on lower storeys and to cross-ventilation. We analysed selected cases of buildings and discussed the relationships between these two architectural currents and their impact on the image and composition of the city.
The world capital of the movie industry does not keep up with the world capital of business when it comes to the application of urban planning solutions. Los Angeles and New York are poles apart, to say the least, as far as their cityscapes are concerned. New York is the essence of a high-density city, whereas the metropolitan area of Los Angeles is a group of several cities scattered over a vast territory, each with its own small centre. The climate is different, the lifestyles are different and so are the paradigms of the two urban schools. If there are any similarities, they may be found in the environmental approach gaining popularity in both cities, as people have realised they do not really want to spend more than one-third of the day in their cars commuting. The article discusses the phenomenon of the L.A. metropolitan area – a polycentric city covering the area of 12,500 square kilometres, and the Los Angeles County – a nearly mythical city composed of small mythical units.
Estos últimos años y principalmente tras el periodo pandémico, la extendida utilización de las herramientas digitales ha motivado un incremento de su uso para el desarrollo de actividades docentes. Estas herramientas tienen un especial interés con técnicas como los COIL o Collaborative Online International Learning que, aún con innumerables beneficios, también presentan ciertas limitaciones que de acuerdo con el proyecto que se quiera desarrollar, pueden ser determinantes perdiendo parte de su potencial.En este sentido, tres universidades europeas de diferentes países promovieron bajo el amparo de un programa Erasmus+, volver tras el periodo pandémico a realizar actividades presenciales con alumnos alineado con el formato COIL. Este proyecto tiene por objetico promover la activación de los espacios públicos en los centros de las ciudades, por lo que se hace necesario la presencialidad de los participantes, más allá del análisis a través de documentación o fotografías que podamos obtener o compartir digitalmente.La comunicación propuesta trata de exponer el proyecto realizado por tres escuelas de arquitectura, desarrollado bajo una metodología que ha tratado de entrelazar la actividad presencial y online, aprovechan las ventajas de cada una de ellas-----------------------------------------------------------------In recent years and mainly after the pandemic period, the use of digital tools has led to an increase in their use for the development of teaching activities. These tools are of particular interest with techniques such as COIL or Collaborative Online International Learning which, although they have innumerable benefits, also have certain limitations which, depending on the project to be developed, can be decisive in losing part of their potential. In this sense, three European universities from different countries promoted, under the umbrella of an Erasmus+ programme, to return after the pandemic period to carry out face-to-face activities with students aligned with the COIL format. The aim of this project is to promote the activation of public spaces in city centres, which makes it necessary for the participants to be present, beyond the analysis through documentation or photographs that we can obtain or share digitally. The proposed communication tries to expose the project carried out by three schools of architecture, developed under a methodology that has tried to intertwine face-to-face and online activity, taking advantage of the benefits of each one of them
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