Th e objective of the paper is to analyse the state of implementing the idea of smart cities in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) by identifying the most widely used smart solutions on its area. Th e authors give defi nitions of a smart city and indicate the variety of methods and tools for implementing the concept in practice. Th en they focus on selected rankings of smart cities and examine a few successful examples of smart initiatives from CEE. As a result of the analyses, the authors state that the philosophy of a smart city is to identify and implement the most effi cient ways of providing public services in cities. Th e authors also found that in spite of the fact that CEE cities are not European leaders in terms of the ongoing smart initiatives and rankings of smart cities, within their territories smart solutions are implemented increasingly and more eff ectively. Th e authors indicate that the main advantage of implementing intelligent solutions in CEE cities might be building their brands and thereby encouraging the infl ux of new residents, investors and tourists. Although these solutions are not a comprehensive set of management tools for authorities of a city, smart cities are slowly becoming reality in CEE.
The concept of a smart city enables the effective implementation of public services despite the negative consequences related to population growth in large cities. City authorities, in the face of growing demand for public services, often use a wide range of smart city instruments in various areas of operation. Despite the fact that a large part of innovative solutions is widespread and used, such as intelligent transportation systems or e-office, new opportunities are still emerging which are aimed at improving the quality of life for city dwellers. The aim of the article is to define the role of ICT in smart city management. The subjects of analysis are innovative instruments used in technologically advanced cities as well as contemporary challenges facing city management. The functioning of the city depends to a large extent on access to the communication network, mobile devices as well as on infrastructure connected with them. Therefore, it is necessary, on the one hand, to ensure the capacity of connections and network communication, and, on the other hand, to involve citizens in the process of creating new solutions.
The growing flow of people into cities causes several challenges for their functioning. This brings the need to ensure, for example, efficient transport, sustainable waste, and appropriate energy policy. Particularly capital cities are exposed to the above-mentioned risks, due to their large numbers and densities of inhabitants. Therefore, the state of the environment in cities should be monitored systematically. The research aim of this article is to evaluate the level of environmental sustainability in capitals of European Union countries. A synthetic indicator was made up of diagnostic variables, using quantitative and qualitative indicators relating to the quality of the environment. Based on the ranking, results reveal that Europe is spatially divided according to the level of environmental quality. The best results were achieved by capital cities of the northern European countries. The analysis presented here has some application potential. It can serve to identify challenges to improving the quality of the environment, and to raise public awareness of the importance of changing individual behaviour (e.g., use of public transport).
The article reveals the key problems of the development of cities facing modern challenges. The demographic, ecological and financial problems connected with the functioning of modern cities are determined. The range of issues that need to be solved with the purpose of effective development of citiesis clarified. The principles of the functioning of the smart city system due to the continuous processing andupdating of data coming from various information channels are revealed. The key approaches to understanding the main components of the smart city are presented. The perspective of the idea of a smart city was substantiated and comparison of the current state of the smart city concept in Poland and Ukraine was made. The article uses literature studies to define the ideas and challenges of a smart city as well as case studies to present solutions in this field used in Warsaw and Kiev. It turns out that these cities, though they have a great development potential, are based on individual innovations rather than on a coherent strategy. It is particularly visible in Warsaw, where the problem is the lack of integration of activities that are undertaken in a selective manner. A positive fact is the increasing involvement of ICT in the city management process. The added value is the systematic improvement of the quality of public services and the increase in social participation in the process of making public decisions. The latter aspect makes it possible to integrate local society and build trust in public institutions.
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