Blowing the whistle on corruption or wrongdoing can facilitate the detection, investigation, and then prosecution of a violation that may have otherwise gone undetected. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the factors that are associated with intentions to blow the whistle on wrongdoing. We searched Academic Search Premier, CINAHL Complete, Education Research Complete, ERIC, Medline, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Regional Business News, and SPORTDiscus in January 2020. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Of the 9,136 records identified, 217 studies were included in this systematic review. We identified 8 dimensions, 26 higher-order themes, and 119 lower-order themes. The whistleblowing dimensions were personal factors, organizational factors, cost and benefits, outcome expectancies, the offense, reporting, the wrongdoer, and social factors. Based on the findings, it is apparent that organizations should empower, educate, protect, support, and reward those who blow the whistle, in order to increase the likelihood on individuals blowing the whistle on corruption and wrongdoing. A combined approach may increase whistleblowing intentions, although research is required to test this assertion. From a policy perspective, more consistent protection is required across different countries.

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The population health state is conditioned by the biological and motor potential of the individuals. It is one of reason for what we indentified a permanent interest on the assessment of somatic, functional and motor human potential. The relation between the individual development and the environment influence, represents an important topic for many studies, among these the analysis on life environment influence it was noted. The accepted opinion is that children development is influenced by many internal and external factors, biological and social, and the specialty literature emphasize a tendency of decrease of children motor capacity in the same time with the overweight tendency. All these aspects have major social and economical implications at national level. From the analysis of the data collected at national level, we can confirm that children biological and motor potential is influenced by life environment, and that between children from urban and rural environments there are significant differences on biological and motor development, on certain aspects.

The issue of ethics and integrity in sport is a particularly recent one, as a result of the growing number of approaches from the perspective of collaboration between people who identify violations of the rules of organization or of the way in which sports activities are conducted, and the institutions empowered to prevent such phenomena. If at international level a series of coherent and consistent measures have been agreed to prevent and sanction such violations in sport, at national level there are still many stages to undergo and measures to be implemented.Romania is one of the first European countries to adopt legislation on the protection of whistleblowers in public institutions (2004). However, given the defamatory influence from the communist era, the enforcement of the law has not produced results at the expected level, so few are now reporting corruption situations or irregularities within different organizations.Starting from the general aspects of whistleblowing, the paper aims to analyze this phenomenon in the Romanian sport, which has some mechanisms for defending ethics and integrity. The analysis is carried out in the framework of the international provisions on whistleblowing and highlights the gap between these provisions and the legislation specific to sport in Romania, as well as the action guidelines that can be pursued in order to bring the Romanian sport in line with the legislative frame and good practices (legal and educational) at European and global level.The paper reflects some concerns of the UNEFS specialists regarding the issue in question, as well as the creation and implementation of some measures and programs which would lead to clean practices in sport.

Recent years have brought to the attention of sport specialists new challenges in education, aiming to defend ethics and integrity in sport. Doping, match fixing and corrupted sport governance represent ongoing threats to the integrity, good reputation, and societal welfare dimension of sport. At the same time, from the athletes’ perspective, abuse, sexual harassment, bullying, violence and psychological pressure are other types of threats to the ethics in all sport domains. Different educational approaches that aim to achieve a culture of ethics and integrity in sport have been designed and implemented. Recently, whistleblowing has been promoted as a useful means in the fight against corruption in sport. This trend called for more educational efforts designed to encourage the participation of those involved in the sport phenomenon (i.e. athletes, coaches, managers, spectators) in whistleblowing in order to prevent the violation of ethics.The paper is an analysis of the usefulness of an educational material on whistleblowing implemented in Romania. In order to promote models of good practice, information is directly related to the educational rationale through an explanation of not only what knowledge and skills can be expected to be gained, but also what professional capabilities will be achieved. The conclusions of the paper emphasize the need to develop and test new education and training methodologies, promoting whistleblowing in sport, which will be adapted to the needs of the target sport population aiming to induce positive beliefs and behaviours about whistleblowing.