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A mechanism for inter-areal coherence through communication based on connectivity and oscillatory power Highlights d Synaptic projections from a sending to a receiving area explain long-range coherence d Inter-areal coherence can be predicted by power and connectivity d Power explains major changes in long-range coherence across behavioral states d Coherence emerges without spiking entrainment due to afferent synaptic inputs

Traditional Answer Set Programming (ASP) rests upon one-shot solving. A logic program is fed into an ASP system and its stable models are computed. The high practical relevance of dynamic applications led to the development of multi-shot solving systems. An operative system solves continuously changing logic programs. Although this was primarily aiming at dynamic applications in assisted living, robotics, or stream reasoning, where solvers interact with an environment, it also opened up the opportunity of interactive ASP, where a solver interacts with a user. We begin with a formal characterization of interactive ASP in terms of states and operations on them. In turn, we describe the interactive ASP shell aspic along with its basic functionalities.

The development of new and better implant materials adapted to osteoporotic bone is still urgently required. Therefore, osteoporotic muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (M3 mAChR) knockout (KO) and corresponding wild type (WT) mice underwent osteotomy in the distal femoral metaphysis. Fracture gaps were filled with a pasty α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP)-based hydroxyapatite (HA)-forming bone cement containing mesoporous bioactive CaP-SiO2 glass particles (cement/MBG composite) with or without Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and healing was analyzed after 35 days. Histologically, bone formation was significantly increased in WT mice that received the BDNF-functionalized cement/MBG composite compared to control WT mice without BDNF. Cement/MBG composite without BDNF increased bone formation in M3 mAChR KO mice compared to equally treated WT mice. Mass spectrometric imaging showed that the BDNF-functionalized cement/MBG composite implanted in M3 mAChR KO mice was infiltrated by newly formed tissue. Leukocyte numbers were significantly lower in M3 mAChR KO mice treated with BDNF-functionalized cement/MBG composite compared to controls without BDNF. C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were significantly lower in M3 mAChR KO mice that received the cement/MBG composite without BDNF when compared to WT mice treated the same. Whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations in callus were significantly increased in M3 mAChR KO mice, ALP activity was significantly higher in WT mice. Due to a stronger effect of BDNF in non osteoporotic mice, higher BDNF concentrations might be needed for osteoporotic fracture healing. Nevertheless, the BDNF-functionalized cement/MBG composite promoted fracture healing in non osteoporotic bone.