<p><strong>E</strong>l propósito de este artículo es la medición de los índices bilaterales de comercio intraindustrial de la industria manufacturera no maquiladora de México en el marco del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) para período 1994-2006. En este trabajo se sostiene la pertinencia de aislar el contenido del componente maquilador de los flujos de comercio exterior, ya que éste corresponde a un intercambio de bienes en diversas etapas de producción, mientras que el comercio intraindustrial se analiza y cuantifica como el comercio de bienes que pertenecen a una misma etapa productiva. Asimismo, se estiman los índices de comercio intraindustrial marginales y se verifica si el TLCAN ha sido útil para fomentar un comercio de doble vía. En ese entendido, se ofrece una medición ajustada de los índices considerando además la diferenciación respecto de su naturaleza horizontal y vertical. Se comprueba que el comercio bilateral mexicano ha sido básicamente vertical y se ha concentrado en un reducido número de sectores industriales. Todo ello cuestiona los efectos positivos esperados de un entorno de integración comercial.</p>
En este artículo se analiza la evolución de la interdependencia económica México-Estados Unidos, aplicando índices de concentración de exportaciones e importaciones para el periodo 1980-2010. Los índices evidencian un alto grado de interdependencia asimétrica, que la integración comercial no ha resuelto, aun cuando México se ha esforzado por diversificar su comercio. Palabras clave: sector externo, inversión extranjera directa, tlcan, liberalización comercial, integración económica.
This article examines the debate regarding regional integration and Global Value Chains (GVCs) in Latin America, and the challenges and opportunities that a deepening integration would have for exporting firms. The Latin American region had been progressively taking part in these integrated economic systems when COVID 19 hit. The pandemic has exposed weaknesses in its participation due to several factors, including its dependence on extra-regional hubs. Nevertheless, the disruption has brought back the need to consider the advantages of Latin American GVCs that could enhance the resilience and performance of regional firms. The review shows various benefits in carrying out a regional integration that is GVCs-oriented, similar to Asian and European countries. However, achieving the same level of regional GVC is not without challenges for firms, governments, and institutions. This article examines these alternatives in the context of an economic and health crisis.
We developed a theoretical model capable to analyze U.S. fiscal and monetary policy effects on Mexican exports in order to provide an alternative approach to the study of economic interdependence. The model was estimated for the sample period of 1980–2013. The existing literature evidences quantified interdependence through trade flows and ignores the role of the U.S. fiscal and monetary policies. This paper uses the concept of sensitivity, from the economic interdependence literature, to verify the long and short run relationships between the U.S. and Mexico in a context of trade integration. Our findings confirm Mexico’s sensitivity to unanticipated shocks in particular coming from the U.S. monetary policy, the exchange rate and the world oil price.
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