This study uses qualitative data to examine how male and female professionals in newsrooms experience and vocalize gender both in their lifeworlds and in media production in general. The research was based on semi-structured interviews with 18 Portuguese journalists. The responses were analysed through phenomenological and feminist lenses and indicated the issues men and women considered salient or negligible within our realms of inquiry. The study used the lived experience of the media professionals to identify two clusters of meaning that help explain how material practices and norms in journalism are lived and understood in the newsroom: gender views in journalism and gender differences in day-today professional life. Overall, the findings confirm that organizational factors and the traditional gender system play important roles in journalists' attitudes and perceptions about the role of gender in their work. The results are significant because they show how gender is simultaneously embodied and denied by both female and male journalists in a process of phenomenological "typification" and adoption of a "natural attitude" towards the gender system that may prevent the disclosure of new possibilities and understandings of the objective social world and of our gender relations.

This study investigates to what extent specific features of news articles about election campaigns impact reader engagement and civility in news comments. Using content analysis of articles ( N = 830) and comments ( N = 29,421) published during the 2015 Portuguese Legislative elections, we test the impact of negative coverage, issue coverage and game coverage (politics as a game) on the number of comments that an article receives and the level of civility thereof. Additionally, we explore how affective polarisation of a commenter may moderate the effects on incivility. Findings show that negativity towards political actors in an article is tied to both an increase in the number of comments and their level of incivility. Game coverage only led to a significant increase in the number of comments, while actor-related positivity was also related to an increase in incivility. Issue coverage had neither positive nor negative effects. The results inform newsrooms and academics about the implications of different types of election reporting, while accounting for features of news articles that are typically not integrated in a single study.

ResumoAs práticas digitais que decorrem da ubiquidade dos media e da sua utilização possibilitaram a combinação de múltiplas plataformas no consumo de notí-cias. Neste artigo, procurámos identificar repertó-rios mediáticos (padrões de uso dos media noticiosos) em Portugal, de modo a compreender como são construídas as preferências mediáticas das audiên-cias e de que forma o consumo noticioso integra os seus hábitos quotidianos. Neste sentido, desenvolvemos uma análise a padrões de consumo de media noticiosos a partir de uma abordagem mista de mé-todos qualitativos e quantitativos baseada na Metodologia Q (Davis & Michelle, 2011), a partir de uma amostra constituída por 36 participantes. A análise dos padrões de consumo de notícias permitiu identificar e analisar sete repertórios mediáticos em função do uso, relevância e utilidade atribuída pelos sujeitos aos media noticiosos. Os resultados revelam perfis híbridos de consumo mediático e uma tendên-cia para consumos de notícias numa lógica móvel e multiplataforma, embora os media tradicionais continuem a desempenhar um papel determinante nos repertórios mediáticos em Portugal.Palavras-chave: audiências; consumos noticiosos; repertórios mediáticos; Cross-Media; metodologia Q.

Letters-to-the-editor provide a significant forum for public debate, enabling the exchange of information, ideas and opinions between different groups of people. Since journalistic work is central to the processes of citizenship, this article observes the social context surrounding lettersto-the-editor in four Portuguese press publications. Keeping in mind the existence of a set of selection criteria, based on newsroom practices, it is possible to characterize the debate that takes place in the letters' section as a construction. As with any other editorial content, the published letters are also a result of a selection, editing and framing process, shaped by journalistic routines and subject to limitations such as space and time.

Hateful content online is a concern for social media platforms, policymakers, and the public. This has led high-profile content platforms, such as Facebook, to adopt algorithmic content-moderation systems; however, the impact of algorithmic moderation on user perceptions is unclear. We experimentally test the extent to which the type of content being removed (profanity vs hate speech) and the explanation given for its removal (no explanation vs link to community guidelines vs specific explanation) influence user perceptions of human and algorithmic moderators. Our preregistered study encompasses representative samples ( N = 2870) from the United States, the Netherlands, and Portugal. Contrary to expectations, our findings suggest that algorithmic moderation is perceived as more transparent than human, especially when no explanation is given for content removal. In addition, sending users to community guidelines for further information on content deletion has negative effects on outcome fairness and trust.