-A case of Kleine-Levin syndrome, with chronic severe periodic hypersomnia is described in a 17-year-old female. The first episode started when she was 15 years old. The episodes were characterized by periodic hypersomnia accompanied by hyperphagia, lasting 5 days, and repeating at 28 to 60 day intervals. The severity of hypersomnia prevented her from attending school activities. Outside the hypersomnia periods, she was asymptomatic. EEG, brain computerized tomography and brain nuclear magnetic resonance were normal; allnight polysomnography, Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were within normal limits. During the period of hypersomnolence, polysomnography showed short sleep latency and short REM latency. MSLT mean sleep latency was 1.8 min; and REM period was present in one subtest; the ESS was markedly elevated.KEY WORDS: Kleine-Levin syndrome, recurrent hypersomnia, sleep disorder, sleep, adolescent, polysomnography, Epworth Sleepiness Scale.Síndrome de Kleine-Levin: aspectos clínicos, polissonografia e teste das latências múltiplas do sono. Relato de caso.RESUMO -Relata-se o caso de paciente com síndrome de Kleine-Levin, de 17 anos de idade, sexo feminino, com períodos de hipersônia recorrente, severa e crônica. O início do quadro foi aos 15 anos de idade. Os períodos de hipersônia acompanhavam-se de hiperfagia, duravam cerca de 5 dias e repetiam-se a intervalos de 28 a 60 dias. A severidade da hipersônia impedia a participação em atividades escolares. Entre os períodos de hipersônia, a paciente encontrava-se assintomática, EEG, tomografia computadorizada cerebral, ressonância nuclear magnética cerebral, polissonografia, Teste das Latências Múltiplas do Sono (TLMS) e Escala de Sonolência Epworth (ESE), foram normais. Durante período com hipersônia, a polissonografia evidenciou latência do sono e latência REM reduzidas. TLMS teve latência do sono, em média, de 1,8 min; presença de um período REM em no segundo subteste; o índice da ESE foi acentuadamente elevado. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: síndrome de Kleine-Levin, hipersônia recorrente, distúrbio do sono, sono, adolescente, polissonografia, escala Epworth de sonolência.Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is characterized by recurrent hypersomnia, usually starting in the second decade of life, and is associated with hyperphagia 1-4 . This report describes an adolescent female with severe and chronic KLS, focusing on clinical aspects, polysomnography, Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) 5 and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) 6,7 .
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