Ultrasound guidance for sciatic and femoral nerve blocks in children increased the duration of sensory blockade in comparison with nerve stimulator guidance. Prolonged sensory blockade was achieved with smaller volumes of local anaesthetic when using ultrasound guidance.

Accurate placement of local anesthetic around the ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerves in children is seldom possible when landmark-based techniques are used. In the majority of patients, the local anesthetic was inaccurately placed in adjacent anatomical structures with unpredictable block results.

The pharmacokinetic data indicate faster absorption and higher maximal plasma concentration of LA when ultrasound was used as a guidance technique for INB compared with the landmark-based technique. Thus, a reduction of the volume of LA should be considered when using an ultrasound-guided technique for INB.

Ultrasound examination of the spinal cord anatomy provides valuable information for epidural catheter placement in neonates. Ultrasonography enables a real-time identification of the tip of the needle within the epidural space and a visualization of the spread of local anesthetic in these patients.

Axillary plexus anaesthesia provides satisfactory perioperative pain relief in infants undergoing short-trauma surgery. Apart from its safety, these results underline that Ropivacaine 0.5% can be recommended for axillary brachial plexus block in children.

No abstract

needle; therefore, the chances of nerve injury are lesser. Its needle can be better stabilized using its wings. The set has an inbuilt siliconized tubing of adequate length which is provided with an in built leur lock connection. It can be used for injection of local anesthetic by an assistant, and the chances of needle misplacement during injection are less. Moreover, the needle has a length of 2 cm which is appropriate for most of the usual pediatric nerve blocks. It comes in color coded sizes as 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 G. We have successfully used the scalp vein set for axillary and femoral nerve blocks in over 50 anesthetized patients between the age of 1-10 years and found the technique to be safe and effective.

No abstract