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In the past years, increasingly more and more forms of cooperation have been set up across the different national and European administrative levels with the aim of putting European policies into effect. While the administrative level is becoming more 'integrated', the judicial system remains based on a strict separation between the EU and the national levels of jurisdiction. The aim of this article is to show how the operation of the system of 'integrated administration' may pose problems of judicial accountability. The gaps in judicial protection will be examined using the example of the 'composite procedures', i.e. decision-making processes with input from administrative actors from different jurisdictions, where the final decision, issued by a Member State or an EU authority, is based on procedures involving more or less formalized input of the various participating authorities. After categorising the various composite procedures, the problems connected with access to court when challenging measures adopted in the course of the composite procedures will be analysed, together with an exemplification of these problems by use of a specific case study. Throughout the discussion, the relevance of the recently published ReNEUAL Model Rules will be specifically address and evaluated. Finally, solutions will be brought forward as to how the identified gaps could be effectively filled.
This article takes issue with the legitimacy of EU soft law instruments issued to deal with the COVID-19 crisis. Up to August 2020, we identified a total of 197 such instruments, and analysed the procedures for their adoption. We found little evidence of Parliamentary involvement or stakeholder consultation, with COVID-19 soft law replicating decision-making patterns which have been constantly criticised in the literature as illegitimate and opaque. Giving due consideration to the exceptional nature of these measures, the article suggests some quick fixes which might increase, ex post factum, the legitimacy of these instruments.
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