Background The efffect of administering of probiotics or twice‐daily omeprazole on glucocorticoid‐induced gastric bleeding in dogs is unknown. Hypothesis Compare gastrointestinal bleeding among dogs administered placebo, prednisone (2 mg/kg q24h), prednisone with omeprazole (1 mg/kg q12h), or prednisone with probiotics (Visbiome, 11.2‐22.5 billion CFU/kg q24h) for 28 days. Animals Twenty‐four healthy research dogs. Methods Double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled randomized trial. Clinical signs and endoscopic gastrointestinal mucosal lesion scores at baseline ( t 1 ), day 14 ( t 2 ), and day 28 ( t 3 ) were compared using split‐plot repeated‐measures mixed‐model ANOVAs. Results Fecal score differed by treatment‐by‐time ( F [6,40] = 2.65, P < .03), with higher scores in groups receiving prednisone at t 3 than t 1 . Nineteen of thirty‐three episodes of diarrhea occurred in the prednisone with omeprazole group. Gastric mucosal lesion scores differed by treatment‐by‐time ( F [6,60] = 2.86, P = .05), among treatment groups ( F [3,60] = 4.9, P = .004), and over time ( F [2,60] = 16.5, P < .001). Post hoc analysis revealed lesion scores increased over time for all groups receiving prednisone. At t 3 , scores for the prednisone (8.7 ± 4.9) and prednisone with probiotics (8.7 ± 4.9) groups differed significantly from placebo (1.8 ± 1.8; P ≤ .04), whereas scores for the prednisone with omeprazole (6.5 ± 5.5) group did not differ from placebo ( P = .7). Ulcers occurred only in dogs receiving prednisone. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Prednisone‐induced gastric bleeding. Co‐administration of omeprazole partially mitigated bleeding, but a similar protective benefit was not demonstrated by co‐administration of the evaluated probiotic.
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