Our findings confirm that high blood pressure is not associated with the complaint of headache in the population. Individuals with migraine-like episodes of headache may have lower blood pressure than individuals without headache.

Research Methods and Procedures:Participants were 592 individuals free of hypertension, selected at random from the community. In the baseline evaluation, they were submitted to completed measures of demographics, anthropometrics, blood pressure, and other risk factors for hypertension. Incident hypertension was defined by blood pressure equal or higher than 140/90 mm Hg or use of blood pressure-lowering drugs. Results: During a mean follow-up time of 5.6 Ϯ 1.1 years, 127 developed hypertension. The hazard ratios for the development of hypertension, adjusted for age, baseline blood pressure, gender, and alcohol consumption, were 1.042 (p ϭ 0.091) for BMI, 1.023 (p ϭ 0.028) for waist circumference, 1.042 (p ϭ 0.013) for waist-to-height ratio, 1.061 (p ϭ 0.014) for waist-to-height 2 index, 1.079 (p ϭ 0.022) for waist-to-height 3 index, and 1.033 (p ϭ 0.006) for the waistto-hip ratio. Discussion: The correction of the circumference of waist for stature or hip circumference improves its performance in the prediction of the incidence of hypertension.

We found an association between IMA and MS. Additional studies including prospective genetic variation approaches need to be performed to help elucidate this association between IMA and MS and its potential clinical role.

The objective of this study was to examine the relation between hypertension and depression. In a crosssectional study of the urban region of a State capital with more than 1.5 million inhabitants, 1174 men and women aged 18-80 years, selected at random from the population, were studied. Blood pressure, hypertension (blood pressure readings X140/90 mm Hg or use of blood pressure-lowering agents), risk factors for hypertension and depression according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition) were investigated in home interviews. The prevalence of major depression and hypertension were 12.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 10.5-14.3) and 34.7% (95% CI: 32.2-37.4), respectively. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures of individuals with and without a lifetime episode of depression were not different after adjustment for age and gender. Lifetime episodic major depression was not associated with hypertension in bivariate analysis (risk ratios (RR): 0.96, 95% CI: 0.76-1.23) and after adjustment for confounding (RR: 1.15; 95% CI:0.75-1.76). Hypertension and depression were not associated in this free-living population of adults, suggesting that their concomitant occurrence in clinical practice may be ascribed to chance.

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