Future power systems will contain more converterbased generation, among which voltage-sourced converter VSC-HVDC connected offshore wind power plants (WPP). Their interaction with the onshore system influences power system dynamics in the transient stability time-frame. The respective protection and control methods which cause this interaction must be taken into account in grid-integration studies performed today.This paper gives insight about the effect of typically required fault ride through (FRT) and post-FRT measures of VSC-HVDC connected offshore WPPs on the combined AC and HVDC system dynamics. Several important sensitivities are addressed, among which 1) FRT implementation, 2) the post-fault active power recovery rates, 3) the AC network dynamic characteristics, and 4) the HVDC topology.The analysis is first performed as a proof of concept on a small benchmark system, and subsequently generalized to a realistic dynamic model of the future Northwestern European power system. The results of this paper can be used as reference for understanding the effects of large-scale VSC-HVDC connected offshore WPPs on the stability of the onshore interconnected power systems.
The penetration of power electronic interfaced generation (PEIG) is expected to reach up to 65% in some parts of the European power system by 2030 (at least during some hours of the year). Under such grid conditions, system security challenges are observed with frequency stability, voltage stability and undamped converter control interactions being among the most important issues. This study presents a short-term voltage stability assessment of the Great Britain synchronous area under EMT modelling assumptions. The study provides a mapping of system stability and identifies the critical penetration level of PEIG that instabilities are observed. In addition, an application of a grid forming control scheme (namely the enhanced direct power control) is proposed as a mitigation option which is applied here on full-converter interfaced wind power plants (type-4). The simulation results reveal that the application of the grid forming control to a part of the total wind power generation fleet can mitigate the instabilities observed, while enabling the system operation with 100% PEIG.
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