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Glutathione (GSH) has been shown to play an important role in embryo development. In a previous study, we demonstrated that cysteamine supplementation of in vitro maturation (IVM) medium increased the intracellular GSH content in bovine oocytes and improved subsequent embryo development to the blastocyst stage. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of inhibition by buthionine sulfoximide (BSO) of GSH synthesis during IVM in the presence of cysteamine, on subsequent embryo development, and the effect of cysteamine during IVM on the survival of blastocysts following freezing. The effect of β‐mercaptoethanol and cysteine added to the maturation medium on GSH levels in bovine oocytes, as well as the effect of these compounds on de novo GSH synthesis by oocytes during in vitro maturation, was also studied. The inhibitory effect of BSO during in vitro maturation on GSH synthesis was also evaluated. Evidence was found confirming that GSH synthesis occurs intracellularly during IVM of oocytes and is stimulated by cysteamine, β‐mercaptoethanol and cysteine. Moreover, the present results suggest that the increase in the rate of embryo development exerted by cysteamine, when present during IVM, was due to its stimulatory effect on GSH synthesis. This increase in GSH levels during IVM improves embryo development and quality, producing more embryos reaching the blastocyst stage on day 6, those most suitable for freezing. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of cysteamine to the in vitro culture media enhances the yield, hatching rate, total cell number and inner cell mass/total cell number ratio of bovine embryos. A total of 933 bovine oocytes collected from ovaries of 60 slaughtered donors were subjected to in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization. Following fertilization, embryos were cultured in synthetic oviductal fluid without glucose. After 24 h embryos were transferred into synthetic oviductal fluid with 1.5 mM glucose and 0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 µM of cysteamine. After 48 h, the embryos were transferred into synthetic oviductal fluid with glucose but without cysteamine and cultured until Day 9. The number of cleaved embryos on Day 2, the total number of blastocysts on Day 7 and the number of hatched blastocysts on Day 9 were calculated. Differential staining of inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells of blastocysts were performed on Day 7 and Day 9 of in vitro culture. Supplementation of in vitro culture media with 100 µM cysteamine increased the blastocyst yield (P < 0.05) without affecting the hatching rate. Furthermore, the embryos cultured in the presence of 100 µM cysteamine had significantly higher number of inner cell mass cells (P < 0.05) and the proportion of inner cell mass cells (P < 0.05) compared with the controls. The results of the present study demonstrated that the addition of 100 µM cysteamine to the in vitro culture media improved blastocyst production rate and enhance embryo quality, which could lead to the improvement of the in vitro culture system for bovine embryos.

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U članku je obrađeno 36 keramičkih lula koje su pronađene prilikom arheoloških istraživanja na pet pozicija u gradu Osijeku: Tvrđa – Dvorište franjevačkoga samostana (2012.), Tvrđa – Carska vrata (2016.), Tvrđa – Istočni ulaz (2017.), Osijek – Vukovarska 192 (2014.) i Osijek – Park kraljice Katarine Kosače (2015. – 2016.). U prva tri slučaja riječ je o novovjekovnim lokalitetima u Tvrđi, dok su zadnja dva u Donjem gradu, gdje se na mjestu nekadašnje rimske Murse razvilo novovjekovno naselje nakon nestanka osmanske vlasti. Lule su većinom osmanskoga tipa i stila (17. – 19. st.) od kojih se brojnošću ističu dvije grupe iz 17. i dijela 18. st., s jasnim obrascem rasprostiranja. Lule prve grupe karakteristične su na području koje manje ili više odgovara prostoru Ugarske, dok primjerci druge grupe pronalaze analogije na brojnim lokalitetima jugoistočne, dijelom i srednje Europe, no prvenstveno na prostoru koji je bio pod osmanskom vlašću. Nešto manje lula je ugarskoga (18. – 19. st.) i austrijskoga tipa (19. st.) među kojima su i primjerci s majstorskim ili radioničkim oznakama, često iz većih proizvodnih središta.