Učinkovit način eksploatacije blokova kamena ostvaruje se kombiniranjem lančane sjekačice i dijamantne žične pile zbog mogućnosti korištenja prednosti jednog ili drugog stroja. Lančane sjekačice se koriste za izradu horizontalnih i vertikalnih rezova, a primjenu su našle u površinskoj i podzemnoj eksploataciji u slabo do srednje abrazivnim i mekim do srednje tvrdim stijenama. Učinkovitost lančane sjekačice pri eksploataciji arhitektonskog kamena ovisi o pravilnom izboru radnih veličina stroja, reznih elemenata te uvjeta i načina eksploatacije u određenoj vrsti stijene. Iako su lančane sjekačice tehnološki napredovale, one još uvijek rade uz određene nedostatke. Dosadašnjim istraživanjima ustanovljeno je da sjekačice ne rade pri optimalnim radnim veličinama, a postojeće konstrukcije lanca nisu dovoljno optimalne. U radu su prikazane postojeće metode za određivanje učinka lančanih sjekačica, a na temelju dosadašnjih istraživanja izložene su smjernice za daljnja istraživanja.
Original scientific paper Load factors, defined as portion of utilized engine power, are used in estimation of the diesel mining equipment fuel consumption. Every type of equipment is involved in the specific work operation, common in quarrying of crushed stone. Furthermore, load factors are specific for the equipment type and their application/operating conditions. Based on the mining company's empirical data on fuel consumption, load factors of the main equipment in quarrying of crushed stone are determined in this paper. This includes bulldozer, backhoe excavators, wheel loaders, trucks, blasthole drill, mobile crushing and screening plants, and mobile belt conveyor. With an assumption of similar operating conditions, those factors can be considered as characteristic for small quarries of crushed stone, but also for mining on other surface pits, depending on the specific equipment application. The obtained load factors are compared to the available data from other sources in order to verify the results and establish the appropriate procedure for assessment of unknown load factors in different operating conditions. Keywords: crushed stone; diesel drive; fuel consumption; load factor; mining equipment; quarrying Potrošnja goriva i koeficijenti opterećenja pogonskih motora mehanizacije pri eksploataciji tehničko-građevnog kamenaIzvorni znanstveni članak Koeficijenti opterećenja, definirani kao udio nazivne snage pogonskog motora angažirane pri radu, koriste se pri procjeni potrošnje goriva rudarske mehanizacije. Svaka vrsta mehanizacije koristi se u specifičnom radnom procesu pri eksploataciji tehničko-građevnog kamena. Koeficijenti opterećenja karakteristični su za vrstu stroja i radni proces/uvjete rada. Prema empirijskim podacima potrošnje goriva koncesionara, u ovome radu su određeni koeficijenti opterećenja pogonskih motora glavnih strojeva pri eksploataciji tehničko-građevnog kamena. Ovo uključuje dozer, bagere, utovarivače, kamione, bušaću garnituru, pokretna postrojenja za sitnjenje i klasiranje, te pokretni tračni transporter. S pretpostavkom sličnih radnih uvjeta, dobiveni koeficijenti opterećenja mogu se smatrati karakterističnima za male kopove tehničko-građevnog kamena, ali i ostale površinske kopove, zavisno o primjeni mehanizacije. Dobiveni koeficijenti opterećenja uspoređeni su s drugim izvorima radi verifikacije rezultata i određivanja pogodne procedure procjene nepoznatih koeficijenata opterećenja u nepoznatim radnim uvjetima.
Among many factors that influence an excavator’s performance and productivity, the volume of the bucket load and duration of the excavator working cycle are crucial. In this paper, both factors were investigated, including the granulometric composition of the excavated material. The volume of material in the bucket was determined by photogrammetric analysis while the excavator cycle time was measured by analysis of video recordings captured by a digital video camera during the excavator operation. Interconnections between the angle of repose, slewing angle, particle size distribution of material, and their effects on hydraulic excavator productivity were analyzed. It was found that a larger number of fine particles in granular materials with a higher coefficient of uniformity resulted in an increase in the volume of the bucket load. Correlation analysis revealed significant interconnection between the bucket fill factor and swell factor. It was also found that calculation of the production rate according to ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standards was more accurate for materials with a higher angle of repose while the CECE (Committee for European Construction Equipment) standard was more appropriate for materials with lower angles of repose.
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