Despite progress in the knowledge of secular variation during the first millennium BCE in Europe, data coverage remains poor at the earliest periods, especially in some regions as in the Central Mediterranean area. This study presents three new directional and six new intensity data between the 13 th and the 4 th centuries BCE on archaeological kilns, pottery and baked clay fragments from South Italy and France. Archaeodirections were determined after thermal demagnetizations and archaeointensities using the Thellier-Thellier protocol with corrections for the anisotropy and cooling rate effects. The new data confirm the large deviation of the direction from a Geocentric Axial Dipole field, the high geomagnetic field strength and the fast secular variation observed in Europe during the earliest half of the first millennium BCE. Another characteristic of this period is a difference of ~25° between the longitudes of the virtual geomagnetic poles inferred from European and Middle East data.This unusual behaviour can be mainly related to the Levantine Iron Age anomaly (LIAA) and its expansion from the Middle East to Europe. However, the review of the global directional database shows that almost all virtual geomagnetic poles, 96% of them coming from Europe, the Middle East, East Asia, North America and Hawaii, are 10-25° away from the rotation axis towards North Russia between 1000 and 600 BCE. The calculation of a mean global VGP curve suggests that the North geomagnetic pole followed a clockwise motion during this period with a dipole tilt up to around 14°. This study shows that a dipole axis tilt may have played an important role in the rapid secular variation in western Eurasia, although part of this variation may also be related to non-dipole fields associated with the LIAA.
Au sein de l’exceptionnelle documentation archéologique issue des fouilles de l’Incoronata, les briques sont restées jusqu’à maintenant inédites. Retrouvées sous forme de fragments, mélangées aux pierres dans les dépôts de céramique, ou remployées dans la grande terrasse artificielle qui consolidait les limites méridionales du plateau, les briques sont étudiées sous l’angle archéologique (M. Denti) et archéomagnétique (Ph. Lanos). Les résultats des analyses ont permis de montrer qu’il ne s’agit pas de briques crues, rougies par l’action d’un incendie (comme supposé jusqu’à maintenant) mais de briques rouges, cuites uniformément à haute température. Intégrés à l’étude des contextes archéologiques, ces résultats démontrent que les dépôts de céramique datant de la dernière phase d’occupation du site (troisième quart du VIIe siècle avant J.-C.) ne peuvent plus être interprétés comme les restes de bâtiments construits, puis détruits par le feu. Par conséquence, cette recherche ouvre des nouvelles perspectives de lecture de leur fonction.
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