We are aware that we will have to live with COVID-19 at least until the vaccination of a minimum percentage of the population will guarantee the achievement of “herd immunity”. Until then, it is proved that the most effective strategy to limit contagion is social distancing. Despite the adoption of countermeasures, this strategy is having heavy effects on the economy and social relations, putting the issue of people’s mobility at the centre of attention (OECD, 2020a; Un-habitat, 2020). This moment must therefore represent the opportunity to build an urban resilience strategy around mobility policies based on necessary “anti-fragile” scenarios (Taleb, 2008; Blečić & Cecchini, 2016), seizing this phase for an urban and social transformation capable of strengthening the complex “city” system toward “a new normal” (OECD, 2020b). In some Italian and foreign cities, the partial reopening carried out from May 2020 led to the resumption of some productive activities. The consequent increase in the flows has given rise to a complex challenge related to the reorganization of mobility. Rome has put in place measures such as the strengthening of public transport during peak hours and the start of the construction of 150 km of cycle paths, already foreseen by the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMP) of 2019. However, it falls behind cities like Milan and Bologna, who have drawn up specific documents such as Adaptation Strategies and Emergency Plans for Sustainable Mobility, promptly engaged in the reorganization of mobility following the example of other European cities (such as Barcelona, Paris, Vienna) that pursue clear objectives and long-standing strategies of environmental, social and economic sustainability. Nevertheless, the backwardness of Rome also deals with the complexity of the urban “form” of the city and its immeasurable extension, as well as to the paucity of municipal mobility policies of the last decades. In view of a “post-COVID” phase, two essential factors are overriding: the demand for travel (Who should move? From where to where? How?) and the supply of urban and metropolitan mobility. However, it is necessary to counter immediately the risk of an uncontrolled return to the use of private vehicles, which, for Rome in particular, would mean the collapse of the city, also related to an immediate increase in atmospheric pollution and roads accidents. The paper is aimed at proposing an anti-fragile strategy for Roman mobility, starting from the functional and morphological analysis of the Roman settlement system, related to its articulation and specificities, which constitute a fundamental component in evaluating the potential and weaknesses of new mobility scenarios, highlighting the relationships between forms of the city and mobility models. The proposal for a planning methodology, based on the identification of the “elementary urban units” of the “theoretical grid” (Vittorini, 1987; Cerasoli, 2008), is supported by the international debate and practices of the last decades ( ...
Nowadays, in order to speak about peripheries it is necessary to revisit the meaning of the concept. Border seems to be the most appropriated definition, which is able to define the suburbs of contemporary cities. Nowadays peripheries of some cities are necessarily incomplete, since they are produced by processes which not fulfill the law requirements or are produced spontaneously. This paper reports some of the research carried in the Department of Urban Studies of the University of Roma Tre about the evolution, since the end of the SWW, of urban peripheries in some Italian cities, especially in Rome, The work is focused on the formal aspects of the settlements as well as the way in how people live in them, and the way in how those aspects evolves in the time. The findings reveal that in the last 3 decades the concept of dwelling, city and periphery has changed. People has got used to live in those heterogeneous peripheries, and the "absence of city essence" is not perceived as a primary problem, since the main preoccupations are centered on the consecution of basic services as facilities, connectivity and transport. As well, the way in how people live, work, and rest has changed and adapted to the new suburban reality. Palabras Clave: periferia, incumplimiento, espacios públicos de relación ResumenHablar de periferia hoy implica revisar el significado mismo de la palabra. La de frontera parece la definición más apta para describir la periferia contemporánea, pudiéndose aplicar a todos los asentamientos de baja densidad que, en las últimas décadas, inexorablemente rodearon las grandes ciudades pasando a ocupar territorios que habían tenido un uso tradicionalmente agrícola. Una periferia que se caracteriza básicamente por ser "incompleta", obvio efecto del incumplimiento de los procesos, tanto espontáneos como planificados, que la produjeron.El artículo presenta algunos resultados de la investigación realizada en el Departamento de Estudios Urbanos de la Universidad Roma Tre, que ha estudiado la evolución de las periferias en Italia y en especial en Roma desde la Posguerra. Analizamos los aspectos formales de los asentamientos y las formas de habitar en las periferias y su evolución en el tiempo.En treinta años se ha transformado el concepto de vivienda, el de ciudad y el de periferia. La gente se ha "acostumbrado" a vivir en estas periferias heterogéneas y el problema de la "ausencia de ciudad" no viene mas percibido como un problema primario, las exigencias se limitan a la consecución de más servicios y mejor movilidad, pública y privada. Se transformaron también las modalidades de vivir, trabajar, descansar, adaptándose a lo que venía de vuelta en vuelta ofrecido por las ciudades.
Cómo citar este artículo: CERASOLI, M. La recuperación de los centros históricos menores, hacia las "historical small Smart Cities" [en línea] Fecha de consulta: dd-mm-aa. En: ACE: Architecture, City and Environment = Arquitectura, Ciudad y Entorno, 11 (33): 155-180, 2017.
The Pandemic is forcing everyone to become aware of the need for a change in the cultural and socio-economic paradigms of recent decades. During the twentieth century, on the one hand, entire populations concentrated in urban areas with ever higher population densities, at the same time giving rise to the phenomenon of “urban sprawl” or “suburbanization”. On the other hand, entire territories have been abandoned (the so-called “inner areas”). Now, we can define territorial rebalancing strategies based precisely on the reactivation of “inner areas”. Strategies that, in the Post (post) COVID era will have to be not only resilient, but anti-fragile. And the key is precisely in the future of the smaller historical centres. This article aims to review the strengths and weaknesses of small historic centres, outlining possible scenarios for their “smart” revitalization and for a true sustainable and inclusive development.
Starting from 2008 the real estate crisis changed the approach to the development and transformation of urban areas more than many urban planning tools, effectively regulating the development and transformation of urban areas. In the new scenario, the role of the State and public institutions for driving the transformation of cities has gradually decreased, also due to the inefficiency related to the pachydermic and oxidized bureaucracy. Nowadays, urban regeneration – the transformation of existing real estate assets – is the new channel of intervention that is usually delegated to private initiatives: recovery of past industrial areas, railway stations and tracks, and existing (also historical) buildings. Talking about urban regeneration means shifting the focus on issues such as that of smart cities, favouring the existing urban fabric and, even more so, the historical city It also means taking care of the immense heritage of small historic centres, which must necessarily become an engine for rebalancing the territory and economic development, albeit “slow”. Based on an economic-urban combined analysis, this document illustrates the opportunities that urban regeneration can (and should) have on the housing market and society and which must be then the (good mechanisms) government by public institutions that are in charge of governing the territory, to achieve a reasonable balance between collective interest and private interest (without demonizing the income). Against the policy of unsustainable growth of new real estate development!
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