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In premature infants treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure early after birth, the addition of very early surfactant therapy without mandatory ventilation decreased the need for subsequent mechanical ventilation, decreased the incidence of air-leak syndrome, and seemed to be safe. Reduction in the need for mechanical ventilation is an important outcome when medical resources are limited and may result in less chronic lung disease in both developed and developing countries.

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To evaluate the association between necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), growth, and feeding. This is a retrospective study of 551 infants (birth weight ≤ 1,500 g, ≤32 weeks' gestation). NEC, Bell's stage ≥ 2, was confirmed by independent review of sentinel radiographs. Feeding type was defined as ≥ 50% maternal milk (MM), pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM), or preterm formula (PF). Demographic and clinical characteristics including growth were compared between the three groups. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to control variables that differed in bivariate analysis. PDHM and PF mothers were more likely to be African-American, be enrolled in Medicaid, and have chorioamnionitis. PF mothers received antenatal steroids less frequently. NEC rates were different by feeding group (MM: 5.3%; PHDM: 4.3%; PF: 11.4%; = 0.04). Adjusting for group differences, lower gestational age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74-0.97; = 0.02], and PF (aOR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.15-5.53; = 0.02] were associated with NEC. There were no differences in other health outcomes or growth at hospital discharge. MM and PDHM feedings, given until 34 weeks postmenstrual age, were associated with lower rates of NEC in very low birth weight infants without interfering with growth.

We performed this randomized trial to determine whether infants receiving skin-to-skin care (SSC) grew more rapidly and had a shorter duration of hospital stay compared with infants held by their parents in a traditional way. Infants who met eligibility criteria (

Our objective is to investigate which factors and patient characteristics are associated with success in Trabectome surgery.A total of 658 phakic cases with at least of 12 months follow-up were included in the analysis. Baseline demographics and medical data were collected. The main outcome measure was intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma medication (Rx), and secondary glaucoma surgery if any. Success was defined as IOP reduction of 20% or more from preoperative IOP and IOP < 21 mm Hg with no secondary surgery throughout the follow-up period. Risk factors for failure were determined by using univariate and multivariate cox regression.At baseline, the average IOP was 23.6 ± 7.8 mm Hg and the average number of medications was 2.6 ± 1.3 for all cases. At 12 months, the average IOP was 16.0 ± 3.6 mm Hg (P < .01∗) and the average number of medications was 1.8 ± 1.3 (P < .01∗). Based on the result of multivariate cox regression model, we found that the Trabectome + Phaco (TP) and Trabectome alone (TA) group had a 94% and 79% survival rate at 12 months, respectively. TP cases had 78% lower risk of failure than TA (95% confidence interval [CI]: 54–89), diagnosis of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma had a 54% lower risk of failure than primary open angle glaucoma patients (95% CI: 1–78). Hispanics had an estimated hazard ratio that is 60% lower than Caucasians (95% CI: 18–80); 20% of TA cases and 3% of TP cases were required to undergo additional secondary surgery (P < .01).Trabectome surgery, whether in combination with phacoemulsification cataract removal or stand alone, is associated with a significant reduction of IOP and glaucoma medication. Patients having a higher baseline IOP are expected to have a higher IOP reduction after Trabectome. Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, combination with phacoemulsification cataract surgery and Hispanic race are factors associated with enhanced Trabectome survival.

Gram-negative organisms predominate in Colombia among infants <2000 g. The emergence of gram-negative organisms and their associated risk factors requires further study.