Compared with the SCID, the CIDI on the one hand overdiagnoses bipolar disorder but on the other hand underdiagnoses bipolar disorder.

Total laryngectomy results in a permanent disconnection of the upper and lower airways. Thus, the upper airways are bypassed and can no longer condition, humidify, and filter the inhaled air, leading to damage of the tracheobronchial epithelium. There is little scientific information available about the effects of tracheostoma breathing and the degree of mucosal damage in laryngectomized patients. The aims of this study were to determine the histopathologic findings and investigate the potential impact of using a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) on the tracheal epithelium in long-term tracheostomy patients. Tracheal mucosal biopsies were taken from a total of 70 patients. Specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined by a light microscope. Normal pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium was found in only 9 (12.9%) cases; while, 17 (24.3%) cases had some degree of basal cell hyperplasia. Squamous metaplasia was the most common finding (50%). Pre-invasive lesions (mild and moderate squamous dysplasia) were found in only one patient who used an HME, and in eight (11.4%) non-users. Although the HME cannot completely restore the physiological functions of the upper respiratory track, it delivers a better quality of air to the lower airways and has a positive effect on tracheal mucosa.

Regeer EJ, Rosso ML, ten Have M, Vollebergh W, Nolen WA. Prevalence of bipolar disorder: a further study in The Netherlands. 
Bipolar Disord 2002: 4(Suppl. 1): 37–38. © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2002

A case of persistent fetal palmar grasping of the umbilical cord in a 23-year-old primigravida is described. Palmar grasping was detected with three-dimensional ultrasound examination after cardiotocographically recorded fetal bradyarrhythmia. Because of acute fetal hypoxia, urgent Misgav-Ladach cesarean section was performed to deliver a hypotrophic female newborn, 2,120 g/43 cm, Apgar score 4/7, pH 7.29. No other pathology was found during the procedure. The postoperative course proceeded uneventfully and the early neonatal neurological status and neurosonographic findings were normal.

In spite of the fact that anogenital warts are caused by HPV types of low oncogenic risk (6/11), there is an increased incidence of HSIL and cancer in these women. Therefore, women with anogenital warts belong to an increased risk group regarding the cancer of lower genital tract, especially if they are associated with HPV types of a high oncogenic risk.