It is shown that the restrictions of interpersonal communication, the introduction of additional requirements to working conditions in the period 2020-2022 in connection with COVID-19, due to the increased risk of getting sick, had a stressful effect on the population. First of all, this concerned employees of those professional groups who, in the course of work, come into contact with a large number of the population (customers, buyers). Representatives of these professional groups, during the pandemic, as a rule, continued to work in the workplace. The purpose of the study: to assess the working conditions and adaptation of personnel of trade organizations in different periods: 2012 and 2021 (before and during the COVID-19 pandemic). The objects of the study were large non-food trade organizations. The working conditions of employees of trade organizations were assessed in accordance with the Guidelines for the Hygienic Assessment of Factors of the Working Environment and the labor process, as well as the method of interviewing employees about their own working conditions. A computerized questionnaire developed by the Leningrad Psychoneurological Research Institute named after V.M. Bekhterev was used to assess neuropsychiatric maladaptation (ONPD). The survey was conducted in 2012 and 2021 - before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of respondents were women (about 70%) with various experience in this profession. A total of 66 people were interviewed. The working conditions of trade workers (sellers) in 2012 and in 2021 are similar and are harmful to the second degree. During the 2020-2021 pandemic, the working hours in trade organizations have changed: new rules have been introduced during the working day, new work processes have been organized (introduction of remote technologies, constant monitoring of the health of employees and customers by logging the health status of employees, visual inspection and remote temperature measurement). A comparative analysis of the assessment of neuropsychiatric maladaptation showed that during the pandemic and concomitant restrictions aimed at minimizing contacts between people, 31.0% of employees had psychoemotional discomfort, expressed in asthenic symptoms (15.1%), the appearance of depressive moods (15.1%). In 2021, workers significantly (p ≤ 0.05) exceeded the average values on the A scale (asthenia): 37.0±6.2 and 56.7±9.6; and there was an upward trend on the D scale (depression). This indicates that the forced conditions of restriction of social contacts that have arisen in the last two years have a negative impact on the processes of adaptation and mental comfort of employee

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The research presented in the article is the basis for the subsequent development of the concept of religious tourism development in the framework of the expansion of domestic and inbound Russian tourism. Based on various ideas about religious tourism and pilgrimage, the authors assessed the current state of religious tourism, clarified the conceptual framework; conducted a study of the system of marketing and promotion of pilgrimage and religious tourism, evaluated the activities of pilgrimage centers for organizing domestic tours and international trips; identified opportunities and problems that limit the development of religious tourism and provided recommendations for overcoming them. The results of the study of the current state and prospects for the development of religious tourism, in general, are significant and can be used by the pilgrim services of the Russian Orthodox Church, tourist associations, and organizations in the development and implementation of measures for the development of religious tourism based on existing and reviving spiritual centers of the Russian Orthodox Church.

The problem of the individual socialization gets a special importance in the globalizing world, as it is accompanied by a number of negative processes, characteristic for this period of historical development. The main objective of this work-is theoretical and methodological explanation of the considered problem, and the identification of the ways to solve it. To achieve this goal in this paper we consider the process of the socialization of the individual in its surrounding world, from ancient times to the present day. We revealed the creative essence of man, his need, not only in social adaptation, but also in the transformation of the surrounding world. We formulated modern approaches, the complex application of which contributes to the solution of a number of problems, related to the problem of the socialization of the individual in the modern world. The deliberations of the problem are presented. On the basis of the conducted analysis, we concluded that the socialization of the individual in the surrounding world-is a complex path of spiritual and professional formation of the personality, which realizes itself as a creature and a creator of culture.

Introduction. Since March 2020, the introduction of a self-isolation regime and significant restrictions on personal contacts at work and school in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an expansion of the introduction of information technologies and a sharp restriction of direct interpersonal communication. The introduction of these restrictions has had a stressful effect on the body of both workers and students of various age groups, including young people. For a successful analysis of the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on the psychophysiological state of these categories of young workers and students, it seems appropriate to assess the state of maladaptation, self-assessment of nervous and somatic well-being. The study aims to assess the impact on the adaptive psychophysiological parameters of young trade workers and students of the changed working and study conditions against the background of the COVID–19 epidemic situation (self-isolation). Materials and methods. The object of the study was two groups of people who have a wide range of communication with colleagues and people around them, but differ in the content of their activities: students and trade workers. Scientists have conducted the study in two stages: before the pandemic (2013) and during the pandemic (December 2020) due to drastic changes in the algorithm of existence and work/study. We have examined 119 students aged 20–24 years (RGSU). There were 61 people at the first stage of the study (2013), there were 58 people at the second stage (2020, December). The second group (trade workers): 66 people aged 20–29 years. At the first stage of the study (2013), 34 people were included, at the second stage — 32 people. Experts have carried out the assessment of the psychophysiological parameters of the examined according to the questionnaire of neuropsychiatric maladjustment (ONPD). The condition for inclusion in the groups in 2020–2021 is the absence of a history of transferred COVID-19. Results. During the tense epidemic situation (2019-2021), against the background of the spread of COVID-19 and forced self-isolation of all population groups, the lifestyle has radically changed. Face-to-face communication has been minimized, but communication using information technology in all spheres of life (daily life, study, work) has increased dramatically. The researchers found that among the surveyed population groups (students and sales workers), the spread of signs of mental discomfort increased. Limitations. The study was limited to a sample of age groups: 20–24 years for students, 20–29 years for trade workers (in both periods). Conclusion. The calculation of the odds ratio (OR) allowed us to establish with a high degree of confidence that signs of mental discomfort, including asthenic and depressive signals, were significantly more often recorded during the period of self-isolation in both study groups: for students who are on distance learning (December 2020 compared to 2013): the coefficient of OR=5.4, (χ2=14.7; p<0.001); for sales workers: coefficient OR=15.0; (χ2=9.5; p<0.001).