In recent years, liposomes have been employed with growing success as pharmaceutical carriers for antineoplastic drugs. One specific strategy used to enhance in vivo liposome-mediated drug delivery is the improvement of intracytoplasmic delivery. In this context, pH-sensitive liposomes (pHSLip) have been designed to explore the endosomal acidification process, which may lead to a destabilization of the liposomes, followed by a release of their contents into the cell cytoplasm. This review considers the current status of pHSLip development and its applicability in cancer treatment, focusing on the mechanisms of pH sensitivity and liposomal composition of pHSLip. The final section will discuss the application of these formulations in both in vitro and in vivo studies of antitumor efficacy.
IDLV are a recent acquisition in the field of genetic immunization, thus allowing for the opportunity of further upgrading, including increasing antigen expression and potency of immune response. Based on recent reports showing the potential of IDLV for immunization in mouse models, further development and validation of IDLV, including comparison with other vaccine protocols and use in non-human primate models, are warranted.
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