The May 2005 issue of International Affairs addressed the theme of critical perspectives on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the developing world. The aim of this article is to take the debate a step further. Five researchers and practitioners on corporate social responsibility and development in various regions in the developing world—Central America, Pakistan, China, Vietnam, Argentina and India—using knowledge gained by their empirical research, argue that the management‐oriented perspective on CSR and development is one‐sided. While recognizing that critical approaches to the question have emerged, there is still a need to know which issues should form part of a critical research agenda on CSR and development. In this article the authors seek to fill this gap in order to facilitate a more in‐depth investigation of what CSR initiatives can or cannot achieve in relation to improving conditions of workers and communities in the global South. They suggest that a critical research agenda on CSR and development should encompass four areas: a) the relationship between business and poverty reduction; b) the impact of CSR initiatives; c) governance dimensions of CSR; and d) power and participation in CSR. Such an alternative critical approach focuses on society's most vulnerable groups and adopts a ‘people‐centred’ perspective as a counterbalance to the dominant ‘business case’ perspective. The authors conclude that this has significant implications for CSR practice.

This article looks at a specific form of social violence against women in Mexico and Central America, the violent murder of women Á/ femicidio or feminicidio in Spanish, 'femicide' in English. We explore the nature of femicide by analysing the situation from a gender perspective, as an extreme form of gender-based violence (GBV), and linking femicides with discrimination, poverty and a 'backlash' against women. In a climate of total state impunity, it is extremely important to support the responses of feminists and women's organisations in the region who are carrying out research to document femicides and GBV in general, supporting survivors and their families, and carrying out advocacy activities.

The restructured globalized economy has provided women with employment opportunities. Globalisation has also meant a shift towards self-regulation of multinationals as part of the restructuring of the world economy that increases among others things, flexible employment practices, worsening of labour conditions and lower wages for many women workers around the world. In this context, as part of the global trend emphasising Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the 1980s, one important development has been the growth of voluntary Corporate Codes of Conduct to improve labour conditions. This article reviews from a feminist interdisciplinary perspective the broad academic literature on women workers, covering the more classical debate on women workers in the industrialization process and entering into women workers in the global supply chains and women workers and corporate codes of conduct. The main argument is that this research on women workers is crucial to frame the issues of business ethics and in particular CSR and Codes of Conduct in the context of women in the global political economy. When this crucial knowledge is ignored, then the ethical policies of the companies also ignore the real situation of the women workers at the bottom of their supply chains.

AS A PART OF HER ON-GOING RESEARCH, MARINA PRIETO-CARRóN EXAMINES HOW CORPORATE CODES OF CONDUCT CAN RESPOND TO THE NEEDS AND INTEREST OF WOMEN WORKERS IN SUPPLY CHAINS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. SHE ARGUES THAT THEORIZING ON CSR SHOULD DRAW ON EMPIRICAL RESEARCH AND THEORIES OF GENDER AND POWER IF IT WANTS TO ACCOUNT FOR WOMEN'S (AND WORKER'S) EXPERIENCES. IN HER RESEARCH SHE SHOWS HOW IMPORTANT IT IS TO LISTEN TO WOMEN WORKERS’ ARGUMENTS ABOUT HOW TRANSNATIONALS AND RETAILERS AS WELL AS SUPPLIERS MUST IMPLEMENT CODES OF CONDUCT.:Development (2004) 47, 101–105. doi:10.1057/palgrave.development.1100058

Geographies of migration, geographies of justice? Feminism, intersectionality, and rights Migration and social (in)justice are intrinsically linked. Migration is often spurred by social injustices due to lack of opportunities or multiple insecurities, exacerbated by racism and ethnoreligious or gender-based discrimination. By moving to new locations, migrants are often treated as`different' on the basis of their ethnic background, religion, or country of origin and subjected to inferior treatment on the basis of being noncitizens. Gender-based discrimination adds a further, and for women often the most crucial, layer to these complex processes as migrant women leave and enter gendered societies and gender-segregated labour markets and are subjected to gendered migration policies (Piper, 2008a). In this sense, social justice is essentially a transnational (and, thus, spatial) phenomenon affecting migrants at all stages of their migration experience (Weiss, 2005).But migration also has the potential to bring about greater social justice. As migrants undertake short or long journeys to new places, they learn new ways of life, they develop a new perspective on their societies`back home', and they adopt alternative ways of formal political organising and informal coping strategies. Through their actions and activism, whether directly or indirectly, they explore and realise their potential for bringing about greater social justice individually and collectively at both ends of the migration process, effectively creating new relationships across transnational space.The papers in this theme issue address geographies of justice and migration through case studies with migrants from various geographical regions öprimarily South America, Africa, and Asiaöand at different scales. Some address multidirectional migration dynamics while others focus more specifically on a particular sector or smaller level of analysis, such as the household. All are interdisciplinary in spirit and in practice, and are influenced by feminist ethics (hooks, 1999; Kemp and Squires, 1997) and the multiple or varying types of injustices experienced by many women, including migrant women, across the world. How unequal gender relations and genderbased discrimination manifest themselves on a daily basis, however, differs across space (Silvey, 2006). Gendered migrationCross-border migration has been subject to significant changes over the past decades and the feminisation of migration öthat is, the increase in the number and proportion of women engaging in cross-border migrationörepresents one of these significant changes (Castles and Miller, 2009;Samers, 2010). (1) However, while the numerical and proportional increase in migrant women is significant, even more important is the recognition of migration as a gendered process (Donato et al, 2006;Silvey, 2004). Women's modes of entry and their circulation across space differ from men's. These movements tend to have different impacts upon women's and men's respective positions within labour markets as wel...

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