Some studies have recently reported high diploid male frequencies in euglossine bees indicating possible population declines. We estimated the genetic variability and frequency of males that are diploid in five Colombian species of euglossine bees using allozyme markers. Expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.10 to 0.23. Diploid males were found in three species with frequencies ranging from 8 to 32 percent. Our results suggest that some species are more susceptible to environmental changes and anthropogenic pressure.

There are several Colombian populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura which have begun to show divergence. The temporal samples of Torobarroso, one of the local populations identified, demonstrate genetic "resourcefulness" and selective opportunism by fluctuating mortality. The data suggest that both balanced selection and mutational origin are necessary to account for the frequencies of drastic genes encountered. In genetic isolates there seems to exist alternatively a mutational component and a balanced - selection component. These components overcome the damage in the first instance and in the second instance, profit from the recessive load.

No abstract

En geles de almidón fue inferida electroforéticamente la variación genética de doce loci isoenzimáticos, entre seis poblaciones alopátricas colombianas del enjambre martensis (D. martensis, D. starmeri y D. uniseta). provenientes de Santa Marta (departamento del Magdalena). Camarones (deparmtamento de la Guajira) y del desierto de la To.tacoa (departamento del Huila). Esta estimación fue confrontada con una especie filogenéticamente relacionada (D. buzzatii) y una distante (D. melanogaster). Las divergencias enzimáticas se infirieron a partir de distancias genéticas y los resultados permitieron identificar seis niveles de divergencia taxonómica: Población local (D = 0,1031), subrazas (D = 0,1412), subespecíes o razas (D = O, 1870). especies de un mismo enjambre o cluster (D = 0,7907), especies de enjambres diferentes (D = 1,0055) y especies de grupos diferentes (D = 1,4327). A través de este estudio preliminar, se confirmó la utilidad de los datos electroforéticos como estimadores de divergencia evolutiva y se sugiere un posible ejemplo de especiación alopátrica.

Through a series of genetic load studies made on 1) samples of Drosophila willistoni from two sites in Mesitas, Colombia, it was found that the relative contributions to the total, subvital and lethal loads reflect lethal equivalences (B/A) ratios which support more the balancing theory of population structure than the neutralist theory. Moreover, measurements of population size have revealed the existance of very small demes in local populations. Under such conditions we have calculated extremely small lethal equivalence ratios in demes where probably a great deal of consanguinity takes place. We are aware that under these conditions B/A ratios cannot be very good monitors of random load measurements and, therefore, suggest a change in the mathematical formulation that take into consideration the existance of small populations.Furthermore, it appears plausible that the degree of penetrance in the heterozygous condition changes as the population structure changes. We speculate that natural populations may have unknown selective mechanisms capable of guiding unknown dominance modifiers according to the intensity of selection.