Peer-to-peer lending platforms are increasingly important alternatives to traditional forms of credit intermediation for small value loans. There are high hopes that they improve financial inclusion and provide better terms for borrowers. To study these hopes, we introduce altruistic investors into a peerto-peer model of credit intermediation. We find that altruistic investors do not improve financial inclusion but that the borrowing rates are lower than the ones obtained with self-interested investors. Furthermore, investors with strong altruistic preferences are willing to finance projects which generate an expected loss to them. For a certain range of parameters, the model's allocation is observationally equivalent to a model with self-interested investors with low bargaining power. Outside of this range, the model generates allocations that are not incentive feasible in a model with self-interested investors.
ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Artikel analysiert die Chancen und Herausforderungen der Tokenisierung von Immobilien. Zunächst werden die theoretischen Grundlagen (Blockchain und Smart Contracts) sowie die Vor- und Nachteile der Tokenisierung diskutiert. Die Umsetzung der Tokenisierung einer Immobilie wird anschließend anhand eines Praxisbeispiels veranschaulicht. Die Vorteile einer Tokenisierung liegen in dem sofortigen weltweiten Handel der Token rund um die Uhr, dem Eigentumsübertrag der Token in „real time“, der Standardisierung bei gleichzeitiger Flexibilität, der Transparenz und Sicherheit im Handel der Token. Zudem ist die technische Umsetzung der Tokenisierung einer Immobilie sehr einfach. Regulatorische Unsicherheiten beschränken jedoch zurzeit noch eine breite Anwendung der Technologie.
This paper analyzes contract efficiency with regard to correlated project realization and the size of the borrowers in group lending. Firstly, I show that under the standard assumption of independent project payoffs, the expected group cost of default decreases with group size. Secondly, I show that small groups can also optimize group efficiency if individual payoffs and credit risks are correlated. The results outline that social cost minimization occurs due to a common interest in forming optimal borrower groups between lenders and borrowers.
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