OBJECTIVE: To test the intra- and interrater reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the 66-item Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66).METHOD: The sample included 48 children with cerebral palsy (CP), ranging from 2-17 years old, classified at levels I to IV of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and four child rehabilitation examiners. A main examiner evaluated all children using the GMFM-66 and video-recorded the assessments. The other examiners watched the video recordings and scored them independently for the assessment of interrater reliability. For the intrarater reliability evaluation, the main examiner watched the video recordings one month after the evaluation and re-scored each child. We calculated reliability by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) with their respective 95% confidence intervals.RESULTS: Excellent test reliability was documented. The intrarater reliability of the total sample was ICC=0.99 (95% CI 0.98-0.99), and the interrater reliability was ICC=0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.98). The reliability across GMFCS levels ranged from ICC=0.92 (95% CI 0.72-0.98) to ICC=0.99 (95% CI 0.99-0.99); the lowest value was the interrater reliability for the GMFCS IV group. Reliability in the five GMFM dimensions varied from ICC=0.95 (95% CI 0.93-0.97) to ICC=0.99 (95% CI 0.99-0.99).CONCLUSION: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the GMFM-66 showed excellent intra- and interrater reliability when used in Brazilian children with CP levels GMFCS I to IV.
Faced with the problem caused by the excessive consumption of plastic packaging, especially those produced with Polyethylene Terephthalate - PET, and most of them have garbage as their final destination, such packaging has become a worrying environmental liability. Their often inadequate disposal promotes the pollution of soils, watercourses, oceans and even the presence of component materials of these packages in the human body, in the form of microplastics, has been observed. As research in the area advances, greater concerns arise, as more problems arising from the excessive use and disposal of plastics are identified. As something needs to be done to remove this liability from the environment, a technology was developed for the production of materials with characteristics similar to 3D graphene, a carbon material with qualities and versatility that allow its wide use in several applications, using PET as carbon precursor. This work presents this production technology with possible variables, the characterization of the materials and potential applications: for the electronics area, as supercapacitors and necessary improvements to validate it, and as an adsorbent for application in the treatment of industrial effluents.
Faced with the problem caused by the excessive consumption of plastic packaging, especially those produced with Polyethylene Terephthalate -PET, and most of them have garbage as their nal destination, such packaging has become a worrying environmental liability. Their often inadequate disposal promotes the pollution of soils, watercourses, oceans and even the presence of component materials of these packages in the human body, in the form of microplastics, has been observed. As research in the area advances, greater concerns arise, as more problems arising from the excessive use and disposal of plastics are identi ed. As something needs to be done to remove this liability from the environment, a technology was developed for the production of materials with characteristics similar to 3D graphene, a carbon material with qualities and versatility that allow its wide use in several applications, using PET as carbon precursor. This work presents this production technology with possible variables, the characterization of the materials and potential applications: for the electronics area, as supercapacitors and necessary improvements to validate it, and as an adsorbent for application in the treatment of industrial e uents.
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