Purpose: This paper aims to introduce an economic instrument called Theory of Pollution Credit Certificates in the management of municipal solid waste in Brazil, in order to create opportunities to achieve the goal established in the above mentioned policy at lowest possible social costs.
Methodology/Approach: The methodology adopted has as a starting point the “constructo” of a scenario in which a city comprised of five brazilian districts produces its urban solid waste made up of 50% organic material. In the proposed scenario, similar to what happens in practice, a fee for collection and treatment of organic material would be charged for two different situations.
Findings: The result showed that the use of Pollution Credit Certificates Theory has a better cost-effectiveness for solid waste management because it allows reaching the environmental goal at a lower cost to society.
Research Limitation/Implication: Subjectivity of the analysis, due to the “constructo” proposition in the studies.
Originality/Value of paper: From the results obtained, we inferred that the use of the Pollution Certificates Theory for the management of brazilian municipal solid waste benefits from economies of scale as it allows in the scenario determined, that districts sell their spaces at the landfill and parallel to this, to promote the practice of composting organic waste in the municipality.
Sewage treatment processes have been increasingly the target of research aimed at developing solutions that meet environmental standards at lower costs for society. The generation of sanitary sewage and its final release, without treatment or with inefficient treatment in sewage networks, lakes, rivers or oceans have aggravated the quality of water resources and put at risk the health of the population given water-delivery diseases. This article aimed to evaluate the results obtained by the Treatment System called SANEBOX, for the treatment of sanitary sewage, considering a period of two years of monitoring campaigns in it. Additionally, a comparison is made in terms of achieving environmental goals of this System with other conventional technologies that have usually been implemented in Brazil. The guiding parameters for this evaluation were Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Sedimentable Materials (SM), Total Suspension Solids (TSS), Vegetable or Animal Oils and Greases (OGv/a), Tensoactive Substances That React to Methylene Blue (MBAS), Ammoniacal Nitrogen (N-NH4+) and Phosphorus (P). The results obtained show that the SANEBOX System has similar performance and, in some parameters, much higher than the conventional Sewage Treatment System, either in terms of removal of pollutants, or in terms of occupied area, energy consumption and nuisance to neighborhoods by bad odors.
A produção, transporte e o armazenamento de óleo diesel geram grande preocupação ambiental, econômica e social devido aos impactos gerados por esse derivado do petróleo na biota, no solo e na qualidade de vida humana em casos de derramamento. Muitas são as técnicas de controle usadas em áreas contaminadas pelo óleo diesel. Uma das técnicas atualmente utilizadas é a adsorção a partir do uso de polímeros. Sendo o polietileno tereftalato, mais conhecido como PET, um dos polímeros mundialmente mais utilizados e descartados após sua utilização, o presente trabalho vem aplicar o reuso de garrafas PET como alternativa de material adsorvente em ocorrências de vazamento de óleo diesel. Os testes de sorção foram realizados com flakes de PET em duas granulometrias (4 e 9 mesh) e em seis intervalos de tempo de sorção. A quantidade de óleo diesel sorvido pelos flakes de garrafas PET foi analisada por testes de sorção na ausência de água. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o PET pode ser considerado um bom sorvente e que a granulometria influenciou diretamente na capacidade de sorção do óleo. Foi possível inferir que as garrafas PET possuem potencial para combate a derramamentos de óleo diesel atenuando impactos ambientais em tais situações.
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