The paper focuses on the category of semantic subject and its syntactical representation. The concept of subject is shaped by extra-linguistic knowledge and personal experiences as well as by people’s linguistic knowledge. The concept of subject, among other components, includes accumulated knowledge of the semantic roles which the grammatical subject may have in a sentence. The variety of roles accounts for the radially structured category of subject, with some members more central than others. The prototypical grammatical subject – an agent subject − is expressed by the nominative case of a noun which precedes the verb and is typically represented by an animate initiator or do-er of an action. Other types of subject are scattered within the syntactical category of subject being more central or peripheral. Translation-wise, the most “treacherous” types are the peripheral ones.
Аннотация. Цель исследования состоит в анализе фрагмента языковой картины мира (ЯКМ), представляющего вариативную концептуализацию фрагмента внеязыковой действительности, и интерпретации механизма такой вариативности на примере анализа трёх семантических сфер. Построение уточнённых описаний семантики глаголов стоять, лежать, сидеть, выступающих в качестве показателей существования бытующих предметов, составляет актуальную задачу исследования. Авторами используется комплексная исследовательская методика. Результаты выполненного анализа экспериментальных данных позволили построить уточнённые описания семантики исследуемых единиц с учётом ключевого для данного исследования представления об изоморфизме между внеязыковой действительностью и её отражением в языке и одновременно о вариативности в профилировании объектов физического мира. Исследование вносит определённый вклад в развитие особого направления когнитивной лингвистики, ставящего своими задачами раскрытие и описание ЯКМ как своеобразной концептуальной системы, объективированной в языковых формах. Статья адресована филологам разных специальностей, магистрантам, аспирантам и докторантам.
Abstract. The paper offers the key principles of successful cloning and localizing Russian web-sites relying on triangulation research method and benchmark analysis of English and Russian language university web-sites. Triangulation research method is seen as a strategy for increasing the validity of evaluation and research findings by combining the benefits of both the qualitative and the quantitative approaches, while benchmark analysis results in benchmarking data used to see how the university web-site being analyzed differs from its "peer" group.The paper researches into the university web-site in terms of six-dimensional Hofstede model (Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism / Collectivism, Masculinity / Femininity, Long / Short Term Orientation, and Indulgence / Restraint).Benchmark analysis results in web-site optimization principles and practical guidelines instrumental while translating the web-site content. The university web-site designers and translators should consider the addressee's social and cultural values, social and academic background if they aim at successful pragmatic adaptation of the web-site. This approach relies on a stepwise processing of original web-site contents: 1) "filtering" the original contents; 2) pre-translation analysis; 3) translating the text with its stylistic and pragmatic features in mind.The authors also provide a more accurate interpretation of localization and internationalization with reference to Russian-English translation of the web-site content and its target audience -the addressee.
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