Entrepreneurs’ actions and attitudes towards business decisions are fundamental to new ventures. Building on Fauchart and Gruber (2011), which identifies three types of entrepreneurial social identity (Darwinian, communitarian, and missionary), this study analyzes how these identities influence use of effectual and causal logic, while also explaining the effect of the culture of the country in which the entrepreneurship initiative is developed. Based on a survey of 5076 founders who created their own venture, the results support the conclusion that the cultural dimensions defined as avoiding uncertainty, individualism, long term orientation, and distribution of power influence decisions made using effectuation.

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Purpose Entrepreneurial identity involves identifying and exploiting opportunities to create value and wealth. Entrepreneurship contributes mainly to a firm’s efforts be exploited in a marketplace. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between the entrepreneurial social identities identified by Fauchart and Gruber (2011) and three primary stakeholders: investors, customers and employees. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through online questionnaires from entrepreneurs who had created their own new venture in Spain. The results were analysed using partial least squares technique (PLS-SEM) (Fornell and Cha, 1994) with Smart PLS 3.0 (Ringle et al., 2015). Findings The results show that the identities defined as Darwinian and Communitarian have a positive effect on profits and growth in sales, which serve to create value for investors and customers. The effect is not significant, however, when these identities are connected to job creation to create value for employees. Further, the multi-group analysis performed shows that this relationship differs significantly based on gender. Research limitations/implications The main limitation is that this research does not include relevant stakeholders like sponsors or project managers. The next step is to expand this research to this kind of stakeholders. Practical implications The research assists gender entrepreneurial social identity and business performance under the impact on primary stakeholders. Social implications This research has the potential to analyse the entrepreneurial social identities for their contribution to create value and wealth. Originality/value The authors’ main contributions are to have based the study on the relationship between entrepreneurial social identity and business performance and their impact on primary stakeholders and to have analysed the differences on gender entrepreneurial social identity and business performance and their impact on primary stakeholders.

Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is a key factor in the creation and development of companies. This study examines the CEO's personal background (personality, proactivity and resistance to change) and its influence on the EO of the organization to determine which factors enhance or weaken EO. We achieve this goal through quantitative research, developing a structural equations model with partial least squares to analyse a sample of 358 Spanish SMEs from different sectors. The results suggest that specific personality dimensions exert substantial influence on the organization's EO. We also analyse individual proactivity and resistance to change as conduits for the effect of personality dimensions on the company's EO.