Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a low platelet count and an increased risk of bleeding. At the same time, ITP patients present an increased risk of thrombosis and atherosclerosis related to the high presence of haemostatic factors and chronic steroid therapy. Although relatively rare, the association of ITP and coronary artery disease represents a complex therapeutic challenge. In particular, no recommendations exist regarding the best management approach. We reviewed the literature making a comparison between coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention.
Background: Echodoppler quantification of mitral regurgitation (MR) is still controversial, in particular little is known about correlation between quantitative and semi-quantitative methods. Methods and Results: 95 patients (pts) aged 58 þ=À 13 years, 56% male, with at least moderate organic MR were enrolled in the period between Oct 2006 and Nov 2014. The etiology of MR was flail of MV leaflet. Regurgitant volume (RV) and effective regurgitant orifice (ERO) quantified by PISA (RV 56 AE 17 mL, ERO 0:32 AE 0:09 cm 2 ), Doppler (RV 58 AE 17 mL, ERO 0:34 AE 0:12 cm 2 ) and Volumetric (RV 48 AE 17 mL, ERO 0:27 AE 0:1 cm 2 ) methods, were similar, particularly by quantitative Doppler and PISA (R 2 0.89, p < 0:001). By semiquantitative methods jet area 4C was 9:1 AE 4:4 cm 2 , jet area/left atrium (LA) area 41 AE 20%, vena contracta (VC) was 5 AE 4:2 mm; pulmonary vein (PV) systolic flow reversal was present in 44% of patients. Only VC width among semiquantitative methods showed a sufficient correlation with RV (R 2 0:52, p < 0:001), weaker with ERO (R 2 0:46, p < 0:001). Conclusion: MR should be always evaluated by quantitative methods, particularly doppler and PISA RV and ERO, which showed the best correlation. Among semiquantitative methods only VC width represents a good option to RV or ERO evaluation by quantitative methods.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.