The results regarding the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the cure process of epoxy resin are widespread and contradictory. Therefore, this article aims to review the key studies on the effect of carbon nanotubes related to the curing process of epoxy resin, separating them according to analysis technique. Many articles have shown that nanocomposite homogeneity and medium viscosity have great influence on the cure process. Some of them have shown that heterogeneity and high viscosity slow down the epoxy resin cure, reducing the cure reaction heat. Furthermore, the presence of chemical groups such as amine and hydroxyl can catalyze this reaction, especially in the case of homogeneous composites. This review describes briefly and straightforwardly the value of using several techniques for studying and monitoring the nanocomposite cure, among them: DSC, rheometry, DMA, Raman, FT-IR, and luminescence spectroscopy. That importance is remarkably noticeable for studying a particular temporal reaction step, where a particular technique is more suitable than another. In this sense, one could say that luminescence spectroscopy is appropriate for studying the ending step of the cure reaction. Moreover, a great amount of information is also provided for supporting further research.
The possibility of employing x-ray photoemission valence-band spectra in a quantitative fashion for elucidation of valence-electron structure changes induced by alloying is examined.The special, or "canonical, " property of Pti "Cu, , that one of the components, Pt, displays no measurable core-level shift, permits extraction of such changes from core-level and valenceband data alone. A relation between the d-resonant level shifts and the centroid of the valence-band spectra is derived and comparison of' the centroid and core-level shifts leads to the desired information. The analysis indicates that there is»o charge transfer in the system and that only Cu has significant valence occupation changes upon alloying, corresponding to dehybridization. Furthermore, information regarding Fermi-energy shifts is extracted and not required as inputthe results suggest that the shifts of the Fermi levels cannot be identified with those of the work functions as in other work. Model calculations indicate that dehybridization is to be expected as an "antihybridization" effect for a narrow il-band metal in a wide i/-band one.
A method of ac dielectrophoresis was applied to align and deposit metallic multi-wall
carbon nanotubes between pre-fabricated metal (Au, Pd) electrodes with a micron scale separation.
For improvement of nanotube contacts with electrodes, Ni and Pd electroless processes were
developed, and significant reduction of 2 terminals resistances was demonstrated. Further, using
electron and ion beam deposited Pt contacts in two different configurations (“Pt-on-CNT” and
“CNT-on-Pt”), 4 terminals measurements have been performed to evaluate intrinsic nanotube
resistances. The values between 90 and 130 kΩ/μm were obtained, while systematically lower
values (30-70 kΩ/μm) were estimated using 2 terminals method. The 4 terminals method was
applied to study the effect of ion irradiation on the electrical parameters of supported nanotubes.
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