Phytolacca tetramera Hauman is an endemic species of the Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina), in danger of extinction. This species has active fungicides. The methanol extract of its berries possess antifungal activity against opportunistic fungal pathogens. The somatic embryogenesis technique relies on the formation of an embryo from a somatic cell, that is, without the need for the fusion of gametes (Tisserat et al, 1979), which facilitates mass production of in vitro plants. Obtaining somatic embryos gives us the ability to automate the production process in short periods of time and in a confined space. The technique is a necessary step to generate synthetic seeds. In order to adjust a protocol of somatic embryogenesis sections young leaves of Phytolacca tetramera obtained in vitro were placed in a Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid at different concentrations. Somatic embryos were obtained directly from the cutting edge of the blade and embryogenic callus (indirect way) from the midrib.
El género Salix (sauces y mimbres) tiene una amplia distribución en el mundo. Salix humboldtiana Willd. (sauce criollo) es la única especie nativa de América del Sur, cuyo hábitat natural se extiende desde México y Centroamérica hasta el sur, en el río Chubut en Argentina, cubriendo las riberas de ríos y arroyos. Los sauces son de crecimiento rápido, de fácil propagación vegetativa, suministran una amplia gama de productos madereros, no madereros y servicios, desempeñando un papel importante en la fitorremediación de tierras degradadas, la rehabilitación de ecosistemas frágiles y la restauración del paisaje forestal. Esta capacidad fitorremediadora podría ser utilizada para la recuperación de suelos contaminados. Si se demuestra que S. humboldtiana tienen la capacidad de remediar suelos, podría utilizarse para la repoblación de zonas polutadas. Es importante, además, contar con una estrategia de propagación vegetativa que permita disponer de plantas para restauración o fitorremediacion. Por lo tanto, los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: ajustar técnicas de propagación vegetativa (macro y micro) de S. humboldtiana y evaluar el potencial de los individuos propagados para la extracción de metales pesados. Se logró la macropropagación por estacas y la micropropagación de S. humboldtiana. Los ensayos realizados demuestran el potencial de sauce criollo para la eliminación de los iones cobre de soluciones acuosas.
In Argentina, there are numerous native species which are an important source of natural products and which are traditionally used in medicinal applications. Some of these species are going through an intense extraction process in their natural habitat which may affect their genetic diversity. The aim of this study was to establish vegetative propagation systems for three native forestal species of medicinal interest. This will allow the rapid obtainment of plants to preserve the germplasm. This study included the following species which are widely used in folk medicine and its applications: Erythrina crista-galli or “seibo” (astringent, used for its cicatrizant properties and for bronchiolitic problems); Acacia caven or “espinillo” (antirheumatic, digestive, diuretic and with cicatrizant properties) and Salix humboldtiana or “sauce criollo” (antipyretic, sedative, antispasmodic, astringent). The methodology included the micropropagation of seibo, macro and micropropagation of Salix humboldtiana and the somatic embryogenesis of Acacia caven. The protocol for seibo regeneration was adjusted from nodal sections of seedlings which were obtained from seeds germinated in vitro. The macropropagation through rooted cuttings of “sauce criollo” was achieved and complete plants of this same species were obtained through both direct and indirect organogenesis using in vitro cultures. The somatic embryogenesis for Acacia caven was optimized and this led to obtain a high percentage of embryos in different stages of development. We are able to support the conservation of native forest resources of medicinal use by means of vegetative propagation techniques.
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