The objective of this study was to determine whether intranasal administration of a commercially available FVRCP vaccine to kittens lessened clinical signs and feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) viral shedding when compared to unvaccinated control kittens after FHV-1 challenge. Three groups of 10 unvaccinated kittens were administered one dose of vaccine 6 days (group 1), 4 days (group 2), or 2 days (group 3) before challenge, respectively. One group was maintained as unvaccinated controls (group 4). FHV-1 challenge was then induced and the kittens were observed for 14 days. When the grouped vaccinated kitten results (groups 1-3) were compared to group 4 results, clinical scores following challenge were significantly lower (P<0.05) and significantly lower body temperatures (P<0.05) were detected on days 0, 5 and 9 post-challenge. When evaluated by individual group, group 1 and group 2 kittens had significantly lower clinical scores (P<0.05) than group 4 kittens post-challenge. In addition, FHV-1 shedding was lower in group 1 kittens when compared to group 4 kittens on day 6 after challenge (P<0.05). Administration of this vaccine within several days prior to exposure lessened clinical signs of disease and FHV-1 shedding compared to unvaccinated kittens.
OUR CURRENT INADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE of the generation and maintenance of the sexual division of labour has generally limited the discussion either to broad generalizations or to extrapolation based on highly specific examples, 1 What we do know suggests that there is a tension between the remarkable consistency of the general lines of the sexual division of labour and the degree of variation that prevents the establishment of "universal" rules. Within the broad patriarchal relations of dominance and subordination, there is an almost infinite variation in both gender relations and the sexual division of labour. Nor is the pattern fixed in any single society. Sexual divisions are constructed, negotiated, and endlessly challenged. Recent work by anthropologists and sociologists has focused on ways in which patriarchal relations operate through the institutions of marriage and the family and in relation to capitalist productive relations. 2 Historians have contributed a growing body of detailed studies which show subordination mediated through family patterns, economic and technological organization, religious and political ideology, and many other factors/ 1 1 The latter is probably the most useful to the development of theory. Some of the best work has been done by anthropologists, for example, essays in the collections of R. Reiter. Toward an Anthropology of Women (New York 1975); M, McCormack and M. Strathern. Nature. Culture and Gender (Cambridge 1980); K. Young. Of Marriage anil the Market (London 19X1). The former is often restricted by its dependence on the somewhat arbitrary comparisons thrown up by Murdock and White's (1969) Standard Cross Cultural Sample, for example. M.K. Whyie. The Statu* of Women in Preinduslrial Societies (London 1978); P. Danday. Female Power and Male Dominance (Cambridge 19X1).
1. Plasma, platelet and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activities and serum lipid concentrations were measured in patients with ischaemic heart disease and matched control subjects. 2. Mean plasma and platelet glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly lower in the patients with ischaemic heart disease. Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activities and serum lipid concentrations were similar in patients with ischaemic heart disease and control subjects. 3. No correlations between plasma, platelet and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activities were observed. 4. The combination of plasma and platelet glutathione peroxidase activities provided an 86% discrimination between patients with ischaemic heart disease and matched control subjects. 5. Our data suggest that plasma and platelet glutathione peroxidases may be significant risk factors for ischaemic heart disease. Plasma glutathione peroxidase is a previously unrecognized risk factor.
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