Background: Drug and alcohol using women leaving prison or jail face many challenges to successful re-integration in the community and are severely hampered in their efforts by the stigma of drug or alcohol use compounded by the stigma of incarceration.

BackgroundChaplains are increasingly seen as key members of interdisciplinary palliative care teams, yet the specific interventions and hoped for outcomes of their work are poorly understood. This project served to develop a standard terminology inventory for the chaplaincy field, to be called the chaplaincy taxonomy.MethodsThe research team used a mixed methods approach to generate, evaluate and validate items for the taxonomy. We conducted a literature review, retrospective chart review, focus groups, self-observation, experience sampling, concept mapping, and reliability testing. Chaplaincy activities focused primarily on palliative care in an intensive care unit setting in order to capture a broad cross section of chaplaincy activities.ResultsLiterature and chart review resulted in 438 taxonomy items for testing. Chaplain focus groups generated an additional 100 items and removed 421 items as duplications. Self-Observation, Experience Sampling and Concept Mapping provided validity that the taxonomy items were actual activities that chaplains perform in their spiritual care. Inter-rater reliability for chaplains to identify taxonomy items from vignettes was 0.903.ConclusionsThe 100 item chaplaincy taxonomy provides a strong foundation for a normative inventory of chaplaincy activities and outcomes. A deliberative process is proposed to further expand and refine the taxonomy to create a standard terminological inventory for the field of chaplaincy. A standard terminology could improve the ways inter-disciplinary palliative care teams communicate about chaplaincy activities and outcomes.

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Supplementary Material Available: ORTEP diagram of the complete cation of 6b and tables of bond lengths, bond angles, anisotropic temperature factors, and hydrogen coordinates and temperature factors for 6b (Tables VI-IX) (1 1 pages); listing of structure factors (Table V) (36 pages). Ordering information is given on any current masthead page. (54) Osman, R.; Basch, H.Abstract: In this paper we present conclusive evidence to illustrate that reversible binding of O2 to transition-metal O2 carriers can be utilized to facilitate transport of O2 through a solid membrane when such complexes are incorporated into the membrane.The key experiment to establish this concept involves the proper selection of a blank film. The polystyrene-supported CoSDPT type complexes and blanks consisting of nickel(I1) derivatives are ideal for demonstrating facilitated transport because of their structural similarity. We also present a procedure for evaluating permeation data, which should find widespread use in this area since it eliminates imperfections that can exist in test and blank membranes. A transport mechanism is discussed in light of these results.The separation of oxygen and nitrogen is of industrial significance for the production of pure oxygen and pure nitrogen. The main commercial processes for oxygen production involve cryogenic air separation1 and pressure swing adsorption.2 Many applications do not require high-purity oxygen but can use oxygen-enriched air. This market includes waste-water treatment facilities, the pulp and paper industry, fermentation processes, and numerous medical applications. To produce lower purity oxygen (1) (a) Barron, R. F. Cryogenic Systems, 2nd ed.; Oxford University: New York, 1985. (b) Hands, B. A. Cryogenic Engineering, Academic: London, 1986. (c) Braton, N. R. Cryogenic Recycling and Processing, CRC: Boca Raton, FL, 1980.

BackgroundDespite recognition of the centrality of professional board-certified chaplains (BCC) in palliative care, the discipline has little research to guide its practices. To help address this limitation, HealthCare Chaplaincy Network funded six proposals in which BCCs worked collaboratively with established researchers. Recognizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in the development of a new field, this paper reports on an exploratory study of project members’ reflections over time on the benefits and challenges of conducting inter-disciplinary spiritual care research.MethodsData collection occurred in two stages. Stage 1 entailed two independent, self-reflective focus groups, organized by professional discipline, mid-way through the site projects. Stage 2 entailed end-of-project site reports and a conference questionnaire.ResultsEighteen professionals participated in the group discussions. Stage 1: researchers perceived chaplains as eager workers passionately committed to their patients and to research, and identified challenges faced by chaplains in learning to conduct research. Chaplains perceived researchers as passionate about their work, were concerned research might uncover negative findings for their profession, and sensed they used a dissimilar paradigm from their research colleagues regarding the ‘ways of relating’ to knowledge and understanding.Stage 2: researchers and chaplains noted important changes they ascribed to the interdisciplinary collaboration that were classified into six domains of cultural and philosophical understanding: respect; learning; discovery; creativity; fruitful partnerships; and learning needs.ConclusionsChaplains and researchers initially expressed divergent perspectives on the research collaborations. During the projects’ lifespans, these differences were acknowledged and addressed. Mutual appreciation for each discipline’s strengths and contributions to inter-professional dialogue emerged.