Objective:To verify the association between the macroscopic characteristics of the umbilical cord, high-risk pregnancy and neonatal repercussions. Method: A crosssectional study carried out from January 2012 to January 2015 in a public maternity hospital in Goiânia/GO. The study population consisted of 126 recent puerperal women with diagnosis of high-risk pregnancy, and 139 clinically normal women (control group). Macroscopic features of the umbilical cord, maternal, fetal and neonatal diseases, gestational age, Apgar score, birth weight, head circumference and parity were evaluated. Data were descriptively analyzed. Results: 265 puerperal women and their respective newborns participated in the study. The most frequent characteristics of the umbilical cord of those with high-risk pregnancy and those from the control group were the absence of true knots (97.6% and 2.4%, respectively), length between 35 and 70 centimeters and paracentral insertion (81.7% and 18.3%). A statistical difference was observed between the high-risk pregnancy group and extremes of maternal age (p=0.004). Conclusion:The analysis and description of the characteristics of the umbilical cord carried out by the nurse lend important information about the neonatal prognosis. This evaluation subsidizes clinical practice and seeks to ensure the safety of the (mother-baby) binomial throughout the perinatal period. DESCRIPTORS INTRODUCTIONIn the gestational process, the line between normality and disease is extremely thin and the imbalance represents a high risk of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality (1)(2) . About 20% of pregnancies have some type of complication (3) . Thus, women with alterations during pregnancy constitute a group known as "high-risk pregnant women"; a small number of pregnant women who have specific characteristics or because they suffer some injury are more likely to develop an unfavorable pregnancy (4) . In Brazil, high-risk pregnancies occur in 10% to 20% of the cases and are related to the occurrence of some disorders, the most frequent of which are gestational hypertension (GH) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (5) . Nearly 3/4 of maternal deaths in the world occur due to direct obstetric causes, and among them deaths due to hypertensive disorders represent about 14% (6) . There is a close relationship between placenta/umbilical cord, fetus and the change in its functions, as in the cases of GH and GDM. This relationship establishes different patterns of pregnancy outcomes and also the evolution of fetal and/or maternal injury (3) . The umbilical cord is an essential structure for maintenance of intrauterine life, and it can be used for assessing adverse perinatal conditions, thus contributing to a good neonatal prognosis (7) . This evaluation is performed through the macroscopic identification of umbilical cord alterations, and could, for example, elucidate causes of perinatal hypoxia which are not evidenced in the clinic, thus providing a better understanding of the physiopathogenesis of fetal events.I...
Objective: To analyze the evidence in the evolution of scientific production on the factors associated with curative practices of the umbilical stump. Materials and Methods: The study data collection took place in April 2017. The electronic databases used to search the articles were: PubMed (National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health) and VHL (Virtual Health Library). We used the keywords "perinatal care", "umbilical cord", "patient care team", "neonatology", "newborn", in the Portuguese, English and Spanish languages, accompanied by the expression AND and selected through DeCS (Descriptors in Health Sciences). Results: A final sample of 9 articles was obtained from the PubMed and VHL databases, which met the inclusions criteria. It has been found that traditional umbilical stump care practices are still present in many communities, however, have been replaced by appropriate practices, the most recommended being: chlorhexidine 4% sanitation, soap and water and alcohol antisepsis 70%. Conclusions: There is a need for multi-professional involvement, approaching these women since pregnancy, with detailed information and accessible language about proper care with the newborn and the umbilical stump.
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