reversed baseline conditional discriminations after the emergence of equivalence classes. College students' performance was consistent with the reversed baselines in subsequent symmetry tests, but was consistent with pre reversal baselines in transitivity tests. The present study replicated systematically Pilgrim and Galizio's experiment. Following the emergence of two four-members equivalence classes, 9 college students were exposed to reversal of a baseline conditional discrimination, training of a new conditional discrimination , reversal of another baseline conditional discrimination, and return to the original baseline. Both symmetry and transitivity performances were consistent with the reversed baselines for most participants. These results may be due to increased strength of the reversed baselines, trained with continuous reinforcement and reviewed before probes, whereas Pilgrim and Galizio trained reversals with intermittent reinforcement in the context of probing. The use of different stimuli and stimulus display may have also affected the results.When humans learn conditional relations through a matching-tosample procedure, they often show also emergent relations. Thus, if participants learn a relation AB (selecting comparison stimuli B1, B2, .. . , Bn, conditionally upon samples A 1, A2 , ... or An , respectively), this relation is usually shown to have the property of symmetry: The relation

Humans are born completely dependent on adult care for survival. To get the necessary support, newborns rely on socio-communicative abilities which have both innate and learned components. Maternal responsiveness (MR), as a critical aspect of mother-infant interaction, is a robust predictor of the acquisition of socio-communicative abilities. However, maternal responsiveness (MR) is influenced by parity, since mothers rely on a limited capacity of cognitive control for efficient attachment with their offspring. This fact is of particular concern for preterms, whose developing brain already faces many challenges due to their premature emergence from the womb's controlled environment and may still have to compete with siblings for mother's attention. Thus, in the present work, we aimed to understand how parity interferes with MR and whether it affects the development of socio-communicative abilities of preterm infants. We used the Social Interaction Rating Scale (SIRS) and the mother-child observation protocol in 18 dyads with gestational age <36 weeks. Dyads were separated into three groups: primiparous with twin pregnancy (TPM), primiparous (PM), and multiparous (MP). Dyadic behavior was evaluated at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Our results show that offspring size affects MR, but not the socio-communicative development of preterm infants during the first year, suggesting a level of resilience of brain systems supporting the attachment to caregivers.

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This paper reports use of sample stimulus control shaping procedures to teach arbitrary matching-to-sample to 2 capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). The procedures started with identity matching-to-sample. During shaping, stimulus features of the sample were altered gradually, rendering samples and comparisons increasingly physically dissimilar. The objective was to transform identity matching into arbitrary matching (i.e., matching not based on common physical features of the sample and comparison stimuli). Experiment 1 used a two-comparison procedure. The shaping procedure was ultimately effective, but occasional high error rates at certain program steps inspired a follow-up study. Experiment 2 used the same basic approach, but with a three-comparison matching task. During shaping, the monkey performed accurately until the final steps of the program. Subsequent experimentation tested the hypothesis that the decrease in accuracy was due to restricted stimulus control by sample stimulus features that had not yet been changed in the shaping program. Results were consistent with this hypothesis, thus suggesting a new approach that may transform the sample stimulus control shaping procedure from a sometimes useful laboratory tool to a more general approach to teaching the first instance of arbitrary matching performances to participants who show protracted difficulties in learning such performances.

RESUMO: a paralisia cerebral é uma patologia crônica, caracterizada por uma disfunção predominantemente sensório-motora, envolvendo distúrbios no tônus muscular, postura e movimentação voluntária. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o efeito de procedimentos informatizados de ensino de relações condicionais com figuras e palavras impressas sobre a leitura recombinativa generalizada, em quatro crianças. Todas as etapas foram desenvolvidas utilizando a tecnologia assistiva, com o software Desenvolve®, para o ensino de pré-requisitos básicos. Em seguida, procederam-se as etapas de treino e testes de leitura com tecnologia derivada do paradigma de equivalência de estímulos. Os resultados obtidos apresentaram evidências de que o procedimento de ensino utilizado promoveu a leitura recombinativa generalizada de novas palavras. Os procedimentos utilizados sugerem que a manipulação sistemática das unidades menores do que a palavra pode ser uma estratégia promissora para o desenvolvimento da leitura recombinativa, aliando o paradigma de equivalência com exercícios e recursos de TA podendo contribuir e favorecer a educação inclusiva de alunos com PC, ampliando suas interações sociais e minimizando as dificuldades acadêmicas. ABSTRACT: Cerebral palsy is a chronic condition characterized by a predominantly sensory-motor dysfunction involving disturbance in muscle tone, posture and voluntary movement. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of computerized procedures for teaching conditional relationships with pictures and words printed on generalized recombinational reading with four children. All steps were developed using assistive technology (AT), with the Desenvolve ® software for teaching basic prerequisites. Then, training and reading tests with technology derived from the paradigm of stimulus equivalence were carried out. The results provided evidence that the teaching procedure used promoted generalized recombinational reading of new words. The procedures used suggest that the systematic manipulation of the smaller units than words may be a promising strategy for developing reading recombination, combining the paradigm of equivalence with exercises and AT resources in order to contribute and promote inclusive education of students with CP, expanding their social interactions and downplaying their academic difficulties. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: