Introduction: A Zika virus epidemic was registered in 2015 in Northeast Brazil. In the State of Pernambuco, thousands of classical cases transpired, and in the following months, neurological disturbances in adults and microcephaly in newborns emerged as complications. After the peak of the epidemic, the official system reported only four cases of Zika virus but over 100,000 cases of dengue virus. The vigilance system was unable to retrospectively estimate cases or to issue an alert to officially notified cases with possible inconsistence concerning specific arbovirosis diagnoses. Methods: To evaluate the frequency of different arbovirosis diagnoses based on clinical-epidemiologic criteria, from January to April 2015, we conducted a hospitalbased cross-sectional study retrospectively analyzing suspected cases of arbovirosis. Results: Of 1,046 total suspected cases of arbovirus, 895 (86%) were classified as probable Zika virus cases, and 151 (14%) as probable dengue virus cases. The most frequent manifestations in probable Zika virus cases were exanthema (100%), pruritus (50.7%), fever (20.4%) and arthralgia (27.7%). Conclusions: In contrast to the official data, during the peak months of the arbovirosis epidemic of 2015, most cases were compatible with Zika virus infections. Hospital-based studies, although retrospective and based on secondary data from clinical files, might provide a better estimate of the number of cases relative to currently available data, if derived from several urgent care units of representative areas of a city or state.This would partially retrospectively correct some inconsistences regarding official notifications.
The grasshopper species Orthoscapheus rufipes and Eujivarus fusiformis were analyzed using several cytogenetic techniques. The karyotype of O. rufipes, described here for the first time, had a diploid number of 2n = 23, whereas E. fusiformis had a karyotype with 2n = 21. The two species showed the same mechanism of sex determination (XO type) but differed in chromosome morphology. Pericentromeric blocks of constitutive heterochromatin (CH) were detected in the chromosome complement of both species. CMA3/DA/DAPI staining revealed CMA3-positive blocks in CH regions in four autosomal bivalents of O. rufipes and in two of E. fusiformis. The location of active NORs differed between the two species, occurring in bivalents M6 and S9 of O. rufipes and M6 and M7 of E. fusiformsi. The rDNA sites revealed by FISH coincided with the number and position of the active NORs detected by AgNO3 staining. The variability in chromosomal markers accounted for the karyotype differentiation observed in the tribe Abracrini.
Tropidacris Scudder, 1869 is a genus widely distributed throughout the Neotropical region where speciation was probably promoted by forest reduction during the glacial and interglacial periods. There are no cytogenetic studies of Tropidacris, and information allowing inference or confirmation of the evolutionary events involved in speciation within the group is insufficient. In this paper, we used cytogenetic markers in two species, Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) and Tropidacris cristata grandis (Thunberg, 1824), collected in different Brazilian biomes. Both species exhibited 2n=24,XX for females and 2n=23,X0 for males. All chromosomes were acrocentric. There were some differences in the karyotype macrostructure, e.g. in the chromosome size. A wide interspecific variation in the chromosome banding (C-banding and CMA3/DAPI staining) indicated strong differences in the distribution of repetitive DNA sequences. Specifically, Tropidacris cristata grandis had a higher number of bands in relation to Tropidacris collaris. FISH with 18S rDNA revealed two markings coinciding with the NORs in both species. However, two analyzed samples of Tropidacris collaris revealed a heterozygous condition for the rDNA site of S10 pair. In Tropidacris collaris, the histone H3 genes were distributed on three chromosome pairs, whereas in Tropidacris cristata grandis, these genes were observed on 14 autosomes and on the X chromosome, always in terminal regions. Our results demonstrate that, although the chromosome number and morphology are conserved in the genus, Tropidacris cristata grandis substantially differs from Tropidacris collaris in terms of the distribution of repetitive sequences. The devastation and fragmentation of the Brazilian rainforest may have led to isolation between these species, and the spreading of these repetitive sequences could contribute to speciation within the genus.
Para o ensino da mutação, as problematizações podem oportunizar, ao aprendiz, a construção do conhecimento quando discutidas de forma crítica e reflexiva. A utilização de vídeos e/ou textos, por exemplo, podem ser instrumentos dessa problematização. O presente artigo objetiva analisar os dados de uma problematização aplicada para estudantes do Ensino Médio sobre o tema mutação. Foram utilizados os filmes A mosca e O Homem-Aranha I e perguntas como situação problema, para um total de 131 estudantes do 3º ano do Ensino Médio, em três escolas públicas do Recife-PE. Os resultados mostram a existência de várias dificuldades em relação ao conceito em tela, leitura e interpretação de texto. Foi observado que apenas o uso desse recurso não é suficiente para uma aprendizagem eficaz, mas pode ser ferramenta pedagógica importante se bem utilizada.Palavras-chave: Ensino de Genética. Biodiversidade. Situação problema. ANALYSIS OF THE A PROBLEMATIZATION WITH STUDENTS OF THE HIGH SCHOOL ON THE SUBJECT MUTATION _________________________________________________ ABSTRACTFor the teaching of mutation, the problematizations may give the learner the construction of knowledge when critically and reflexively discussed. The use of videos and / or texts, for example, can be instruments of this problematization.The present article aims to analyze the data of a problematization applied to high school students about mutation. Were described use of films The Fly and Spider-Man and questions as a problem situation, for a total of 131 students in the 3rd year of high school, from three public schools of the Recife-PE. The results show the existence of several difficulties in relation to the concept in screen, reading and interpretation of text. It was observed that only the use of this resource is not enough for effective learning, but it can be an important pedagogical tool if well used.
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