Este estudo objetivou identificar, por meio da literatura científica, os cuidados multiprofissionais que são oferecidos aos pacientes em cuidados paliativos internados em unidades de terapia intensiva. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com a inclusão de artigos originais que respondessem à questão de pesquisa, sem limitação de ano e ou de idioma. Como resultado, obteve-se um total de nove artigos incluídos para a síntese de estudos, sendo em sua maioria pesquisas de origem brasileira e de natureza qualitativa. Os artigos analisados possibilitaram a visão do cuidado a partir de diversas categorias profissionais, sendo este focado em ações de conforto fisico, como o alívio da dor e outros sintomas, seguido do suporte à esfera emocional. Apareceram, em menor frequência nos estudos, ações de apoio aos familiares, e o suporte religioso também esteve presente. Percebe-se que a multidisciplinaridade necessita ser estimulada em tais ambientes, com vistas à proporcionar um cuidado mais holístico.
Aims:The aim of this study is to verify the clinical validity of clinical indicators and aetiological factors of sedentary lifestyle in individuals with arterial hypertension.Background: Diagnostic validation is performed to expand nursing taxonomies and to revise or confirm the described concepts. New elements listed in the literature and those identified by the NANDA International definition for sedentary lifestyle need to be evaluated.Design: This is a cross-sectional and diagnostic validation study. The STROBE guidelines were used in this study. Methods: Two hundred and fifty subjects aged over 18 years were evaluated. The diagnostic status of the participants was obtained by latent class analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify aetiological factors with the manifestation of sedentary lifestyle, considering a significance level of 5%.Results: A total of 57.8% of the study participants met the diagnostic criteria for sedentary lifestyle. The clinical indicators with high sensitivity were as follows: "Average daily physical activity is less than recommended for gender and age"; "Does not perform physical activity during leisure time"; "Preference for activity low in physical activity" and "Overweight." The significantly related factors associated with the diagnosis of sedentary lifestyle were as follows: "Insufficient knowledge on physical activity," "Lack of time," "Negative self-perception of health," "Lack of security," "Lack of appropriate place," "Lack of motivation," "Activity intolerance," "Lack of sports ability," "Having a partner," "Using public transportation," "Perception of physical disability," "Pain," "Having a job/studying," "Laziness," "Impaired mobility," "Living in an urban area," "Education in a public institution," "Female gender," "Lack of confidence to practice physical exercise," "Education level," "Age" and "Lack of social support for the practice of physical exercise." Conclusion: Four out of eight clinical indicators had a good adjustment by the latent class analysis. Of the 27 aetiological factors, 22 were significantly associated with sedentary lifestyle. Relevance to practice: The correct identification of sedentary lifestyle and its elements supports care planning, especially for health promotion and disease prevention.| 3331 MARTINS eT Al.
Análise da evolução histórica do conceito de cuidados paliativos: revisão de escopoAnalysis of the historical evolution of the concept of palliative care: a scoping review
Objective To reflect on the care practice for patients with a terminal illness from ethical and moral perspectives. Method This is a theoretical-reflective study carried out from the critical analysis of philosophical texts on ethics and morals in the context of human moral development and health practices. Results At the time of Greek philosophers, ethics was based on the search for happiness. However, with the advent of Christianity, this came to be seen as a duty. According to Kant, ethics and morals are duties as well — a categorical imperative — and the life maintenance issue must be pursued, opening space for the occurrence of dysthanasia practices. From Hans Jonas’ point of view, otherwise, health professionals must consider the quality of life of the patient over their life span, introducing concepts of palliative care. Conclusion and implications for the practice The above-mentioned concepts changed over time, and knowing them is necessary for critically reflecting on human finitude and rethinking practices that revolve around this process.
RESUMO Objetivo Objetivou-se refletir sobre a prática assistencial do cuidado ao paciente com doença terminal sob a ótica da ética e da moral. Método Trata-se de estudo teórico-reflexivo realizado a partir da análise crítica de textos filosóficos sobre ética e moral no contexto do desenvolvimento moral humano e das práticas de saúde. Resultados Na época dos filósofos gregos, a ética se baseava na busca pela felicidade; contudo, com o advento do cristianismo, ela passou a ser vista como um dever. Pela ótica de Kant, a ética e a moral são também um dever, um imperativo categórico, e a questão da manutenção da vida deve ser perseguida, abrindo espaço para a ocorrência de práticas de distanásia. Já para Hans Jonas, o dever dos profissionais de saúde é considerar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes mais do que da quantidade de vida, introduzindo conceitos dos cuidados paliativos. Conclusão e implicações para a prática Tais conceitos se modificaram ao longo da história, sendo necessário conhecê-los, fazer uma reflexão crítica sobre a finitude humana e repensar as condutas nesse processo.
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