Introduction Airway compromise is the second leading cause of potentially preventable prehospital combat death. Endotracheal intubation (ETI) remains the most common role 1 airway intervention. Video laryngoscopy (VL) is superior to direct laryngoscopy (DL) for first-attempt intubation, especially in less-experienced providers and for trauma patients. The cost has been a major challenge in pushing VL technology far-forward; however, the cost of equipment continues to become more affordable. We conducted a market analysis of VL devices under $10,000 for possible options for role 1. Materials and Methods We searched Google, PubMed, and the Food and Drug Administration database from August 2022 to January 2023 with a combination of several keywords to identify current VL market options under $10,000. After identifying relevant manufacturers, we then reviewed individual manufacturer or distributor websites for pricing data and system specifications. We noted several characteristics regarding VL device design for comparison. These include monitor features, size, modularity, system durability, battery life, and reusability. When necessary, we requested formal price quotes from respective companies. Results We identified 17 VL options under $10,000 available for purchase, 14 of which were priced below $5,000 for individual units. Infium (n = 3) and Vimed Medical (n = 4) provided the largest number of unique models. VL options under $10,000 exist in both reusable and disposable modalities. These modalities included separate monitors as well as monitors attached to the VL handle. Disposable options, on a per-unit basis, cost less than reusable options. Conclusions Several VL options exist within our goal price point in both reusable and disposable options. Clinical studies assessing the technology performance of ETI and deliberate downselection are needed to identify the most cost-effective solution for role 1 dispersion.
Background Despite Toxoplasma seropositivity found in about one-third of the global population, we lack information about the clinical outcomes of patients with past exposure to this parasite without the manifested disease. We aim to evaluate 1-year mortality and mental health diagnosis in patients with Toxoplasma IgG seropositivity. Methods We queried a federated national multicenter network to validate mortality risk differences between Toxoplasma IgG seropositive and seronegative patients from 2010 to 2021, excluding patients with active disease. We used propensity score matching to assess independent mental health outcomes and mortality risk 1-year after serology. Results We found 6244 patients with Toxoplasma IgG positivity without toxoplasmosis and 29,179 patients with negative Toxoplasma IgG. Patients with positive Toxoplasma IgG were slightly older (46.1 ± 17 vs. 45±16.5, p< 0.0001) and more likely to be Hispanic (15% vs. 12%, p< 0.0001). Toxoplasma gondii IgG seropositivity was more often present in patients with neoplasms (25% vs 22%, < 0.0001), type 2 diabetes mellitus (13% vs 12%, p=0.0284), and less likely in transplant recipients (7% vs. 8%, p=0.0015), and liver cirrhosis (5% vs 7%, p. < 0.0001). Propensity score matching to 6099 seronegative patients adjusted for age, gender, race, ethnicity, heart disease, transplant, neoplasm, and cirrhosis found that seropositive patients had an increased risk of 1-year mortality (OR: 1.2, CI: 1.06-1.4, p=0.0036) (Figure 1), hospitalization (OR:1.2, CI: 1.1-1.3, p< 0.0001) and schizophrenia (OR: 1.4, CI: 1.01-1.8, p=0.04). An increased risk was not seen with bipolar disorder (OR: 0.86, CI: 0.66-1.15, p=0.3206). Figure 1.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis comparing the survival probability of patients without toxoplasmosis with a positive toxoplasma IgG (purple line) to those with a negative Toxoplasma IgG (green line) Conclusion Toxoplasma IgG seropositivity without clinical disease is associated with an increased risk of one-year mortality, hospitalization, and schizophrenia diagnosis. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the association of Toxoplasma exposure with schizophrenia and worse outcomes. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.
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