One F1 common wheat hybrid ('Zlatna Dolina' x 'Primépi') which had exhibited significant heterosis in a previous study was compared with 32 F7 lines selected from the same cross. The yield test was planted in the 1976-1977 season at two locations: Zagreb, Yugoslavia (optimal environment) and Hutchinson, Kansas, USA (stress environment). The purpose of this experiment was to determine if a homozygous segregant superior to the F1 hybrid could be obtained from the same cross combination.Heading date, plant height, disease incidence, grain yield and its components, protein content, and sedimentation value were examined at Zagreb. Germination, winterhardiness and grain yield were determined at Hutchinson.At Zagreb, the F1 hybrid exhibited significant heterosis in grain yield, even though two of the three yield components were intermediate to parent values. Heterotic effects were greater in the stress environment (Hutchinson), mainly due to the poor winterhardiness and lower yield of one parent variety. At Zagreb, grain yield of the f1 hybrid was significantly better than the best F7 line. However at Hutchinson, the two leading F7 Unes outyielded the f1 hybrid, but differences were not significant.It can be concluded that genes involved in heterosis in the hybrid, 'Zlatna Dolina' x 'Primépi', were not fixed in the homozygous lines selected from the same cross.
In western Europe, not so long ago, wheat was frequently grown in a blend (mixture) of two or more cultivars, which was not common in southeast European countries. However, in recent times again growing wheat cultivars in a blend become more acceptable. Why? There are several advantages to this practice. In a blend, we have the possibility to combine different characteristics of two or more cultivars. For instance tolerance to different diseases, lodging tolerance, to combine characters in negative relation (for instance high yield and good grain protein content), and finally nutritive value of wheat, especially when essential minerals are in question. The last one will be the subject of this communication. Seven high protein wheat lines and one registered cultivars are sown in sixteen wheat 1:1 blends, and the effect of blending was studied with an intention to get a higher concentration of essential minerals and better nutritive value of wheat flour.
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