Retrospective study data were obtained from medical records of patients. Inclusion criteria for this study were: age between 65 and 85, cognitive deficits in pharmacologically untreated hypercholesterolemia, negative personal history of smoking and the absence of diabetes mellitus. The exclusion criterion was verified intracranial haemorrhage. Patients were d into three groups based on neuroimaging findings that detected the presence one of the next two cerebrovascular ischemic or cerebral neurodegenerative lesions, or associate presence of both. Patients are further classified into those with and statistical softver Statistica 13.2 was used, as well as methods of descriptive and analytical statistics. The study included a total of 72 patients, of which 37 male (51%). According to the neuroim presence of cerebrovascular ischemic lesions was verified in 25 patients (35%), cerebral neurodegenerative lesions in 28 patients (39%), while mixed lesions were present in 19 patients (26%). Based on the significance of the difference patients with certain pathoatomic lesions, it was found that there was not statistically significant difference between groups with cerebrovasc difference was present between patients with cerebrovascular ischemic and cerebral neurodegenerative lesions (p <0.01), as well as between The difference in the proportion of male an significant in any of the defined groups of pathoatomic lesions hypertension represents a significant risk factor for the occurrence of cerebrovascular ischem cerebral neurodegenerative lesions that lead to cognitive deficits in patients with dementia and risk of atherosclerosis due to pharmacologically untreated hypercholesterolaemia.
INTRODUCTION: The increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem. The prevalence of obesity has also been rapidly increasing worldwide. Few studies have examined the relationship between excess body weight and CKD risk. Aim: To evaluate the possible contribution of increased body mass index (BMI) to impaired renal function in the general population sample. METHODS: The study involved 500 participants older than 30 years (228 men, 272 women, age 57.58±13.68) who visited their general practitioner in Health Center "Dr Simo Milošević". Blood samples, blood pressure anthropometric measures were performed on each participant. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the abbreviated equation from MDRD study ("the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study") and CKD was defined as eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73m². Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 19.0 software (IBM, Somers, New York, USA). RESULTS: The mean BMI was 25.09±3.54 kg/m² with 0.6% in underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m²), 17.6% in lower normal (BMI 18.5 to 21.9 kg/m²), 33.2% in upper normal (BMI 22.0 to 24.9 kg/m²) and 48.6% in overweight or obese (BMI>25.0 kg/m²) body mass category. The mean eGFR was 100.33±30.78 ml/min/1.73m² with 112±8.62 in underweight, 116.94±3.8 in lower normal, 102.37±2.39 in upper normal and 92.78±1.72 in overweight or obese category. Estimated GFR values decreased significantly with increasing BMI specially in those in upper normal compared to lower normal (p<0.001) and overweight and obese compared to lower normal body mass category (p<0.001). Compared with participants with lower normal body mass, the non-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for mildly or moderately reduced renal function (eGFR<90 ml/min/1.73m²) was 2.54 (95% CI 1.41-4.56) for upper normal and 3.26 (95% CI 1.88-5.70) for overweight and obese participants. After adjusting for potential confounding variables (age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and smoking status) or for mildly or moderately reduced renal function was 2.23 (95% CI 1.21-4.10) for upper normal 2.65 (95% CI 1.44-4.87) for overweight or obese participants compared to those in lower normal body mass category. CONCLUSION: Estimated GFR values decreased significantly with increasing BMI specially in those in upper normal compared to lower normal (p<0.001) and overweight and obese compared to lower normal body mass category (p<0.001). This study showed that increasing BMI is strongly associated with decreasing eGFR in the general population. The underlying mechanism behind this association remains to be investigated through prospective population-based studies.
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